Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Baccalaureate

The Landlady: A Chilling Tale of Suspense

I enjoyed The Landlady because it is a story where the true horror remains hidden until the very end. The narrative follows a young man named Billy Weaver, who arrives in a new city for work. Although he is recommended to stay at the hotel "The Bell and the Dragon," he discovers a seemingly cozy boarding house along the way and decides to spend the night there.

The Mysterious Encounter

As soon as Billy rings the bell, the landlady opens the door. She claims there is no one else in the house, leaving the space entirely to them. She shows him to a room that was already prepared for him, which strikes Billy as strange since he had not planned to stay there. Following this, the lady asks him to sign the guest...

Irregular Verbs

Infinitive, Past Simple, Past Participle, and Meanings

This is a list of irregular verbs in English, along with their past simple and past participle forms, and their meanings in Spanish:

• Arise, Arose, Arisen: Surgir
• Awake, Awoke, Awoken: Despertarse
• Be, Was/Were, Been: Ser/Estar
• Bear, Bore, Born: Soportar
• Beat, Beat, Beaten: Apalear
• Bend, Bent, Bent: Doblegar
• Bet, Bet, Bet: Apostar
• Bind, Bound, Bound: Atar
• Bleed, Bled, Bled: Sangrar
• Blow, Blew, Blown: Soplar
• Breed, Bred, Bred: Criar
• Bring, Brought, Brought: Traer
• Burn, Burnt, Burnt: Quemar
• Burst, Burst, Burst: Reventar
• Cast, Cast, Cast: Tirar
• Creep, Crept, Crept: Arrastrarse
• Deal, Dealt, Dealt: Tratar
• Dig, Dug, Dug: Cavar
• Drive, Drove, Driven: Conducir
• Dwell, Dwelt, Dwelt: Habitar
• Feed, Fed, Fed:

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

Form

Affirmative:

• I / You had slept

• He / She / It had slept

• We / You / They had slept

Negative:

• I / You had not (hadn’t) slept

• He / She / It had not (hadn’t) slept

• We / You / They had not (hadn’t) slept

Interrogative:

• Had I / you slept?

• Had he / she / it slept?

• Had we / you / they slept?

Use A completed action which took place before another action in the past

Time expressions

already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just

FUTURE SIMPLE

Form

Affirmative:

• I / You will leave

• He / She / It will leave

• We / You / They will leave

Negative:

• I / You will not (won’t) leave

• He / She / It will not (won’t) leave

• We / You / They will not (won’t) leave

Interrogative:

• Will I / You leave?

• Will he / she / it leave?

• Will we / you / they leave?

The Beginnings of English Literature: Beowulf

Why Study Beowulf?

• Historical Information
• Understanding Language Use by Famous Writers
• Vocabulary Development

Literary Devices in Beowulf

Beowulf utilizes various literary devices, including alliteration, assonance, caesura, and kennings, to enhance the reader's understanding and interpretation of the text. For example, the alliteration in "Marshes, and made his home in hell" emphasizes the hellish nature of Grendel's dwelling.

Anglo-Saxon Culture

Anglo-Saxon England saw the emergence of a distinct culture, with the Northumbrian dialect playing a significant role. Despite the destruction caused by Viking invasions, around 30,000 lines of Anglo-Saxon poetry have survived. King Alfred the Great played a crucial...

Key English Grammar and Vocabulary Topics

Generic Pronouns

Pronouns used to refer to people in general:

• You: Refers to people in general.
• One: A formal way to refer to people in general.
• We: A general reference that includes the reader or listener.
• They: Refers to other people in general or people in authority.
• They/Their/Them: Used to refer to a single person who may be male or female, as an alternative to he/she.

Narrative Tenses

Tenses used for storytelling:

• Simple Past: e.g., -ed, was, went.
• Past Continuous: e.g., was/were + -ing.
• Past Perfect: e.g., had gone, had saved, had given.
• Past Perfect Continuous: e.g., had been walking, had been waiting.

Expressing Past Habits

• Used to + Infinitive: For past actions and states that are no longer true.
• Would +

Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Past Tense

1. had hidden
2. found out
3. had written
4. searched
5. called
6. had happened
7. drove
8. had saved up

Exercise 2: Question Formation

1. Who did you see yesterday?
2. When did you last see Damion?
3. Where does your sister work?
4. Are you having a good time in London?
5. What are you going to do tomorrow?
6. How long have you been studying at university?

Exercise 3: Reported Speech

1. The boy denied that he had stolen the money.
2. Finn suggested checking online.
3. Mr. Harris recommended Sam to apologize immediately.
4. Clara reminded Lisa to buy some milk.
5. Manuel admitted to Sue that he had copied her answers in the text.
6. Oscar congratulated Alex on scoring the goal.

Exercise 4: Defining (D) and Non-defining (ND) Relative Clauses

1. ND - My old brother, who's at college in

A-You don’t have to wear White;you have to wear Sports.-You mustn’t disturb;you Don’t have to be silent.1.You have to finish;you Don’t have to start on time.2.You don’t have to Play;you mustn’t take.3.You musn’t eat;you Don’t have to buy.4.You have to have a Shower;you have to wear.

B.ANTIQUES:You don’t have To go in.You mustn’t eat inside.

ENTRY POSSIBLE:Don’t have To arrive half;You mustn’t arrive late.ALL VEHICLES:Small Vehicles don’t have to;Drivers of large vehicles mustn’t.STUDENTS:Students mustn’t Make a Boise;Third-year students don’t have to take.LIBRARY:You mustn’t talk In;You don’t have to put the books back.

SWIMMING POOL:Swimmers Don’t have to pay tday;Swimmers mustn’t eat.

C.1)has to move.2)...

Slumdog Millionaire is the story of Jamal Malik, an 18-year-old orphan from the slums of Mumbai, who is about to experience the biggest day of his life. With the whole nation watching, he is just one question away from winning a staggering 20 million rupees on India's 'Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?' But when the show breaks for the night, police arrest him on suspicion of cheating; how could a street kid know so much? Desperate to prove his innocence, Jamal tells the story of his life in the slum where he and his brother grew up, of their adventures together on the road, of vicious encounters with local gangs, and of Latika, the girl he loved and lost. Each chapter of his story reveals the key to the answer to one of the game show's questions....

Adjectives

Tallish, skinny, plump (Rechoncho), broad-shoulder (ampli), Stubbly(No afeitat), Freckly (pecoso), Dyed (teñit), wavy(Ondulat), Spiky (De punta)// Big-headed (Cregut), Creative, easy-going, generous, good fun, good-natured (Campechano), intelligent, moody (Bipolar), Outgoing, serious, shy, strong-willed (Voluntad), warm-hearted (Bona persona.)

Relative Pronouns

people-> Who /that /whom(formal)// Things->Which that// Time->When// Spaces and places->Where// Possesion->Whose. 

Verb Tenses

Toy with->Considerar. // Take on->Assumir// Pick on->Tractar malament// Leave out->Excloure. // We use the present perfect to describe an action that started in the past and either continues in the present or has recently stopped: