Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Baccalaureate

My Best Friend Lucy: A Portrait of Sincerity

Physical Description and Charming Traits

I have a friend with a beautiful name, Lucy. She is petite, brown-eyed, and dark-browed. Her pale face has barely visible freckles. Her big brown eyes are framed with long, fluffy eyelashes. She always smiles brightly. When she laughs, her little nose wrinkles amusingly.

She is very tidy; her dresses are always ironed. Lucy is a sincere friend. Between us, there are never secrets.

The Qualities of a True Friend

We enjoy spending time together:

• We read books.
• We go to the library.
• We prepare homework tasks.

When I was sick, she always came to visit me after classes, talking about school and her adventures. Most interestingly, she talks about the new books she reads....

Sentence Transformations, Conditionals and Phrasal Verbs

List of Items

1. 1. Artificial text: bcabdccd (conflicts)
2. 2. The Park: bbaaabcb (attraction)
3. 3. The red: cbdcacbd (history)
4. 4. On to: caaaaaaa (dinner)
5. 5. Jaime decided: bbcddacc (industry)
6. 6. Robots that: cbbadbaa (need)
7. 7. The Norway: bcdbabbb (years)
8. 8. Who words: cdabcdca (past)
9. 9. Ritesh because: ddadadda (attempt)
10. 10. Women vote: bbacadbd (voters)
11. 11. Recent that: ccbacadb (age)
12. 12. The lived: dddabcdc (apartment)
13. 13. The in: acbccdbb (teachers)
14. 14. According bullying: caacddab (school)
15. 15. Comparing nomophobia: aaabcaaa (time)
16. 16. The was: daacbdac (define)
17. 17. The are: dcbacacd (divided)
18. 18. The because: cbadbabd (money)
19. 19. The because: cabddacd (Camino)
20. 20. The that: dbaacdad (future)
21. 21. Nas that:

Modal Verbs for Ability and Permission

CAN: We use the modal verb can to talk about ability in the present.

• Danny can climb mountains and run marathons.

CAN and MAY: We also use the modal verbs can and may to talk about permission in the present. The modal verb may is used in slightly more formal situations.

• Can we go?
• May I have another drink?

Could, Be Able To, and Allowed To

COULD: We use the modal verb could to talk about ability in the past and in the conditional form.

• When he was a child, he could ski really well.

BE ABLE TO: Used to express ability.

ALLOWED TO: Used to express permission.

Obligation, Prohibition, and Recommendations

MUST: Used to talk about obligation.

• I must finish this essay by Monday.

MUSTN'T: Used to talk about prohibition.

• You

Present psimp: I play, we play.. Past simple: Played, went.. Present Conti: is playing, is going.. Past Contiunu: was/were playing… Pres. Perf. Simpl: Have /has played, has gone.. Past Perf. Simp: had gone, had played. Furure Simple: will + base form / be going to… Future continuous: Will be playing.. Future perfect: Will have/has played/gone.  Present Perf conti:  have been playing. Past perfect conti. Had been playing.

Zero conditional (real): If +present simp +present sipl + Base form.

First condi (possible): If + presnt simple +future simpe (will + base form) (If it rains, I will take my umbrella).

*Second condi (casi impossible): If + past simple (ed o 2na co) + Would/could +base form (If I had a new car, I would be happy).

*Third Condi

Vocabulary

1 — Travel, Emergencies, and Reactions

1- >>goal: aim, hostile: unfriendly, isolated: by itself, encounter: meeting, go abroad: travel, awareness: state, set off: start, accommodation: place, peaceful: quiet, turn back: return.

>> agree, hostile, landmark, guided tours, make a reservation, local, routes, gift, souvenirs, travel arrangements.

>>> you: watch out, I’m: pick up, don’t: give up, please: turn off, we decided: turn back, ed: show up, we watched: was taking off, she: ran out of, I: am looking for, what: set off.

>>>did he: injured, was the hiking: steep, after: survivor, did you: panic, is he: crew, will: emergency landing, now: warm, is the: victim, were: brave, was the victim: alive.

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Analysis of Major Poets and Essential Literary Works

William Shakespeare (1564–1616): The Seven Ages of Man

Shakespeare was a renowned playwright, poet, and actor. He was associated with The Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. His contemporaries included Ben Jonson and John Dryden.

Poetic Devices and Structure

• Source Poem: The speech is from As You Like It.
• Metaphor (M): "All the world's a stage," "men women merely players."
• Simile (S): "Creeping like snail," "sighing like furnace," "bearded like pard" (leopard).
• Key Phrases (A): "Shrunk shank," "a world too wide," "quick in quarrel," "play his part."
• Detail (H): Reference to "his youthful hose, well saved."
• Form: Blank verse, 25 lines (in this specific excerpt).

Thomas Campion (

Irregular Verbs in English with Pronunciation and Spanish Translation

Irregular verbs do not follow the standard -ed pattern in the past simple and past participle. The table below lists the most common irregular verbs with their IPA pronunciation and Spanish meaning.

Roger's Apology Letter to Ralph

Date: Monday, February 11, 2018

From: Roger

For: Ralph

Hello Ralph!

Ralph, I know it's been a while since we were rescued from the island — exactly four months. In all this time I've been thinking a lot about everything that happened on the island and all the fights you had with Jack. You know that by becoming Jack's right-hand many things changed in me. I liked abusing others too much and making them suffer; I enjoyed the idea of destroying things, but I do not know why I came to like killing animals and, in the end, even the boys.

When you return home, talk to several people, especially my parents; they made me realize all the mistakes I made. I know that everything I did on the island was wrong, and when I started...

Regular Verbs in English

Regular verbs in English form their past tense and past participle by adding -ed to the base form. This list shows each verb's infinitive, past simple, past participle and its meaning in Spanish.

Verbs A–C

• accept – accepted – accepted – aceptar
• act – acted – acted – actuar
• achieve – achieved – achieved – lograr, alcanzar
• admire – admired – admired – admirar
• advise – advised – advised – aconsejar
• affect – affected – affected – afectar
• agree – agreed – agreed – acordar
• amaze – amazed – amazed – asombrar
• answer – answered – answered – responder
• appear – appeared – appeared – aparecer
• arrange – arranged – arranged – arreglar, disponer
• arrive – arrived – arrived –