Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Employment training and career guidance for Baccalaureate

1. Verb Tenses

will have taken // had never seen // has been typing // will stay // is flying // was feeding // floats // will be waiting // met

2. Indefinite Pronouns

something // nobody // everyone // anything // anywhere

3. Pronouns and Possessives

his // him // mine // me // her // us // our // themselves // its // mine

4. Gerunds and Infinitives

shouting // to feed // smoking // to study // playing // getting up // working // to go

5. Conditional Sentences

• If I had had your phone, I would have called you.
• If you study hard, you will get good marks.
• If I hadn't advised you, you would have bought that house.
• If she hadn't driven too fast, she wouldn't have had an accident.

6. Passive Voice

A lot of money has been given to him // He has been given a lot...

Direct Mail Marketing Strategies

Direct mail involves custom-written text sent via mail or email to pre-selected individuals. It requires a database with accurate and updated information on the target market, allowing for careful selection of potentially interested persons. The mailing must capture customer attention.

It usually consists of:

• A hook (a phrase to encourage reading)
• The message content (explanation of products/services)
• A closing that invites a response
• Contact information (address, reply form)

Sometimes it includes promotional offers or gifts, which should be highlighted so the recipient notices them immediately.

Effective Public Relations Planning

Public Relations (PR) is a vital communication tool within an enterprise environment. The...

• accuse sb of: acusar a alguien de
• agree with sb: estar de acuerdo con alguien (to some extent)
• agree to do: estar de acuerdo en hacer algo
• apologise to sb for: disculparse con alguien por
• apply for: aplicar, solicitar para
• (dis)approve of: desaprobar
• argue with: pelear/discutir con
• believe in: creer en
• belong to: pertenecer a
• blame for: echar la culpa por
• complain about: quejarse de
• concentrate on: concentrarse en
• concerned about/with: estar concienciado sobre
• congratulate on: felicitar por
• cope with=deal with: lidiar con
• decide to: decidir hacer algo
• be determined to: decidirse a hacer algo
• insist on: insistir en
• lead to: llegar a
• look for/at/after/into/to: buscar/mirar a/cuidar/investigar/mirar a/hacia
• object to: oponer
• prevent sb/sth from: prevenir/impedir a

English Suffixes

Common suffixes include: -al, -able, -ous, -ful, -less, -ic, -ive, -ed, -ing.

Phrasal Verbs and Expressions

• Apply for: demanar
• Bring up: criar
• Fit in: encaixar
• Grow apart: separar-se
• Live up to: igualar
• Look up to: admirar
• Name after: dir-se com
• Side with: ajuntar-se
• Stand out: ressaltar
• Stay away: mantenir-se a part
• Take after: semblar-se
• Aware of: adonar-se
• Easy-going: de tracte fàcil

The Verb 'Get'

• Get a job: aconseguir feina
• Get along: portar-se bé
• Get an award: rebre un premi
• Get back: tornar
• Get dark: fer-se fosc
• Get divorced: divorciar-se
• Get engaged: prometre's
• Get good marks: treure bones notes
• Get home: arribar a casa
• Get lost: perdre's
• Get old: fer-se gran
• Get permission: obtenir permís
• Get pocket money: rebre diners de butxaca
• Get there:

Essential Vocabulary for Language and Digital Communication

Language and Linguistic Terms

A collection of key terms related to language acquisition and usage:

• Accent: Acento
• Bilingual: Bilingüe
• Cognate: Similar (Cognado)
• False Friend: Falso parecido
• Fluently: Con fluidez
• Idiom: Expresiones (Modismos)
• Meaning: Significado
• Mother Tongue: Lengua materna
• Proverb: Refrán
• Saying: Dicho
• Second Language: Segunda lengua
• Slang: Jerga
• Synonym: Sinónimo
• Translation: Traducción

Communication and Social Interaction

Vocabulary for discussing interpersonal and public communication:

• Comment on: Opinar
• Have a chat: Hablar largo
• Keep in touch: Mantenerse en contacto
• Speak in public: Hablar en público
• Spread a rumor: Difundir un rumor
• Etiquette: Etiqueta (Normas de comportamiento)

English Grammar Rules

Adjective Order

Opinion, Size, Shape, Age, Colour, Origin, Material, Purpose.

Verb Patterns

• Be used to + -ing: Estar acostumbrado a.
• Get used to + -ing: Acostumbrarse a.
• Used to + infinitive: Solía.
• Suggest + that + subject + infinitive.
• Verb + object + to + infinitive: Advise, ask, beg, encourage, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, tell.
• Verb + object + that + clause: Claim, admit, say, explain, promise, declare, insist, reveal, add, recommend, tell, remind, warn.
• Verb + gerund: Admit, deny, suggest, recommend.
• Verb + preposition + gerund: Accuse of, apologize for, blame for, congratulate on, insist on.
• Verb + to + infinitive: Agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, threaten.

Gerunds vs. Infinitives

• Gerunds: Used after prepositions,

Physical Activity and Fitness

• Activities: Aerobics, homework, sports, Zumba, gardening (jardinería), weight training (entrenar con peso), working out (kirola egin), walking the dog, hiking (senderismo), jogging (korrika egin), playing squash, playing tennis, playing with children.
• Goals: Get in shape (forman jarri), put on weight (ganar peso), lose weight (perder peso).
• Verbs: Take care of (norbait/zerbait zaindu).

Intensity Levels

• Gentle: Amable
• Moderate/Regular: Moderado
• Strenuous: Agotador

Phrasal Verbs and Prepositions

• Phrasal Verbs: Call off (suspender), catch up with (alcanzar a), throw up (vomitar).
• Verbs + Prepositions: Apply for (solicitar), listen to, work for, care about (preocuparse por), spend on (gastar en), laugh at (reírse de).

Health

O Governo Dutra

Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946-1950)

Governo Dutra: 1946-1950
Passagem do governo de Getúlio Vargas para Dutra, sob o governo Sexta República.

1930-1937 - o período considerado democrático
1938-1945 - Ditadura do Estado Novo
GETÚLIO VARGAS

Na economia
Tentou promover um capitalismo nacional sustentável pela ação do Estado
Desenvolvimentismo nacional
GETÚLIO VARGAS

No político
No âmbito do Estado, buscou arregimentar os interesses das classes, promovendo a colaboração de classes por meio do Estado.
GETÚLIO VARGAS

Vários países latino-americanos utilizaram a colaboração de classes como mecanismo para o desenvolvimento nacional, caracterizando os governos populistas.
AMÉRICA LATINA

Estado Novo

Autoritário, com expectativas de longo...

A Diáspora Galega en Bos Aires e Montevideo

En Bos Aires e Montevideo concentráronse moitos intelectuais que lograron fuxir da represión franquista, como Castelao, Seoane, Dieste, etc. A eles sumáronse persoeiros como Blanco Amor, Emilio Varela Buxán e outros. Esta concentración reforzou as posicións políticas do galeguismo.

Entre as moitas iniciativas levadas a cabo por esta organización, destacan:

• Organización de exposicións e conferencias.
• Fundación de varias editoriais (como EMECÉ e Citania).
• Publicación de obras emblemáticas da nosa literatura, como Sempre en Galiza e A Esmorga.
• Creación de xornais e revistas emigrantes (Galeuzca e Galicia).
• Constitución de grupos musicais, como o coro Majura Villanueva.
• Creación de varias axencias

Xéneros Literarios Medievais Galego-Portugueses

Lais

Referencia á Materia de Bretaña, ao mundo do rei Artur e os seus Cabaleiros. Hai 5 no Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa.

Pranto

Expresión pola perda ou dor causada por unha desgraza, sexa a perda dunha persoa ou a destrución dunha cidade.

Cantiga de seguir

Composicións nas que se parodia parte doutro texto orixinal.

Cantigas de Loor

Teñen dous tipos: a cantiga de amor e a que segue oracións litúrxicas.

Haxiografía

É a narración dos milagres levados a cabo por santos e beatos. Escrita unhas veces para minorías e outras para un público amplo, supuxo unha consolidación crítica para a lingua na prosa romance.

Tenzón

Cantiga na que cada parte está composta por diferentes autores.