Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teacher training

Unit 6 Level 2 Test Answers

Vocabulary Section

1. Phrasal Verbs & Expressions

1. pick up
2. break up
3. set off
4. start over
5. look up to
6. snapped up
7. picked out
8. stocked up on
9. picked up
10. broke down

2. Vocabulary & Concepts

1. in the spotlight
2. doing their best
3. trend
4. available
5. environmentally friendly
6. breaks down
7. landfill
8. a drop in the ocean
9. pressing

Grammar Section

3. Verb Forms & Structures

1. visit
2. will notice
3. are being made
4. Can... guess
5. to think
6. costs / is costing
7. has revealed
8. will tempt / tempts
9. is... written
10. wonder
11. (have) participated

4. Sentence Transformations & Rewrites

1. have a temperature, I'll be back at school
2. my shoes repaired
3. that / which I started last night
4. seeing / that we see a film that weekend
5. she had been worrying about me
6. being asked to leave (by the security guards)

5.

Murketing

Murketing is an advertising strategy that avoids direct sales of a product and focuses instead on vagaries such as marketing buzz, brand identity, and publicity.^[1][2]

Contents

• 1 Examples
• 2 Usage and etymology
• 3 References
• 4 External links

Examples

Well-known examples of murketing include the launch of Red Bull, which spent millions of dollars promoting stealth events and competitions that had little to do with their actual product.^[3]Pabst Blue Ribbon similarly attempted to cultivate an apathetic image by deliberately not trying to sell or brand their product, knowing that doing so would have alienated their brand-weary potential customers.^[3] The use of viral videos, often unattributed or only indirectly...

Nursery Vocabulary in Spanish and English

Furniture and Items

• La cama de los niños, una litera - Children's bed, a bunk bed
• El colchón - Mattress
• La almohada - Pillow
• La escalera - Ladder
• Un elefante de tela - Soft toy elephant, a cuddly toy animal
• Las bolas para contar - Counting beads
• El lápiz - Pencil
• El caballo de peluche - Toy horse for rocking and pulling
• El armario de la habitación de los niños - Children's cupboard
• El teléfono de juguete - Toy telephone
• Los juguetes - Toys
• La maestra de parvulario - Nursery teacher/nurse
• El niño del parvulario - Nursery child
• La muñeca bebé - Baby doll
• Los trabajos manuales - Handicraft
• El rompecabezas - Jigsaw puzzle
• La pasta de modelar - Modelling clay
• Los libros infantiles - Children's books
• El cochecito de

Conditionals

• First Conditional: If + present simple, future. Example: "If he scores this penalty, they will win the match." Describes possible or probable future actions.
• Unless: Used to replace "if...not".
• Second Conditional: If + past simple, would + verb. Example: "If they scored ten goals in the final match, they would win the league." Describes imaginary or unlikely actions.
• Third Conditional: If + past perfect, would have + past participle. Example: "If he had scored, they would have won the match." Describes past situations that did not happen and their potential consequences.

Additional Conditional Connectors

• Even if: Used as a more formal alternative to "if".
• As long as / Providing: Used to replace "but only if".

Reported Speech

Examples:

• "Where

Understanding Key Linguistic Concepts

Fundamentals of Language

• Language: The human capacity to communicate, transmit knowledge, and express thoughts. It encompasses various functions:
  • Emotional: Expressing feelings (e.g., "Visca!").
  • Conative: Influencing the listener (e.g., "Compte!").
  • Phatic: Establishing or maintaining communication (e.g., "Hello?").
  • Aesthetic: Focusing on the form of the message (e.g., poetry).
  • Referential: Conveying information about the world.
  • Metalinguistic: Language used to discuss language itself.
• Meaning (Signified): The concept or mental image associated with a word.
• Signifier: The written or spoken form of a word.
• Situational Context: A heterogeneous collection of extra-communicative factors and circumstances that significantly

Qualitative Research Techniques

Observation and Testing Methods

Observation involves counting, measuring, or tracking the subject without intervention from the investigator.

• The Experiment: Testing consumer reactions to certain actions or practices.
• Packaging Testing: Several prototype packages are tested to gauge consumer reactions.
• Tests on Advertising: Can be conducted pre- or post-performance of a marketing campaign.
• Abelson Test: An incentive is offered to consumers to stop using a specific brand, allowing investigators to observe brand loyalty.

Creativity Techniques

These techniques are based on technical cooperation within a group of people to express their opinions and free trials. They are often used in the creation of new products.

• Brainstorming:

Linguistic Definitions and Discourse Competence

Text: A linguistic configuration consisting of a set of linguistic elements organized by rules of construction. Speech: The broadcast of a concrete text on a given occasion.

• Discourse Competence: The ability to use code in certain situations.
• Constructional Competence: Knowledge of the code, components, and the rules system that constitutes the tongue.
• Social Communication Competence: Includes both constructional and discursive elements.

Theories of Language and Enunciation

Key theorists include Saussure (focusing on the tongue/language) and Chomsky (focusing on competence). Van Dijk describes the text as the maximum unit of sentence description.

Text and its Enunciation

1. Step 1: Prayer-text.
2. Step 2: Form-

1. Connectors (Cohesion Mechanisms)

Syntactic Connectors

• Conjunctions: and, nor, but, that.
• Sentential Adverbs: however, nevertheless, consequently.
• Prepositional Phrases: although, because.
• Predicates of Various Categories (Discourse Markers): In conclusion, alternative.

Expository Connectors

• Interlocutive Connectors: Appeal to the interlocutor (e.g., Look!).
• Switches (Discourse Markers): Words that have lost their original meaning and function as transitions (e.g., now, well).

2. Deictic Elements (Deixis)

1. Personal Deixis: (I, me, he, him, etc.)
2. Spatial Deixis: (this, that, here, there, these, etc.)
3. Temporal Deixis: (today, tomorrow, yesterday, when, etc.)
4. Social Deixis: Forms of address used when dealing with a partner (e.g., your, you, Sir, Lord).
5. Discourse