Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Sport and physical education

Athlete's Foot: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that causes lesions in the folds and the soles of the feet.

Causes of Infection

One cause is wearing shoes or clothing of other people who are affected. In severe cases, cracks occur between the toes. Infection often occurs by walking on the grass of public places. Chronic cases can affect the nails and the whole sole of the foot.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms include itching between the toes, a stronger smell, blistering, and serious skin irritation.

Treatment Options

Treatment involves antifungal drugs in the form of creams and powders. In extreme cases, a doctor may prescribe oral drugs.

The Importance of Relaxation for Health

Relaxation is one of the best means that...

Standard Fish Portions and Cuts

1. Serving Sizes

• Standard Fish Portion: 200 to 300 grams.

2. Major Cuts and Preparations

• Major Parts (Slice): 200–250 grams. This cut typically includes meat, skin, and bones from the cylindrical body section.
• Tranche: A vertical slice cut across the fish, including skin and bone. Approximately 200–250 grams.
• Medallion: A large, thick, skinless, and boneless round cut. Serves 2 or 3 people (50–75 grams per unit).
• Supreme: The loin cut, boneless, served with or without skin. Approximately 150–180 grams.
• Darne (Steak): A thick cross-section cut, often from fish like salmon or bass. Obtained from fillets by boning the center, cutting the tail and the center section. Serves 2 to 4 people (150–180 grams).
• Fillets:

Benefits of Resistance Training

1. Enlarges heart cavities, increasing cardiac output (a result of aerobic endurance training).
2. Enhances and thickens heart muscle walls (anaerobic endurance).
3. Decreases resting heart rate.
4. Improves oxygen exchange at rest.
5. Positively impacts the respiratory system:
   • The trained person gets more air with each breath.
   • Increases the surface area of the alveoli.
   • Decreases breathing rate.
6. Enhances the function of detoxification organs.
7. Strengthens the muscular system.
8. Activates metabolism.

Benefits of Flexibility Training

1. Improves range of movement.
2. Increases muscle and tendon elasticity.
3. Helps prevent injuries.
4. Keeps joints healthy and functional.
5. Improves circulation.
6. Improves respiratory system function.
7. Helps prevent spinal deformation.

The Concept of Relaxation and Decontraction

When discussing relaxation, one immediately thinks of the technique that leads to voluntary psychic and muscular rest, resulting in immobility. However, relaxation can also be part of the flow of a sequence of movements or provide a determined dramatic weight.

In the basic possibilities of working the muscle (contraction - relaxation), there are two types of "loosening":

• Relaxation-Relaxation: Letting gravity act without resistance.
• Controlled Decontraction or Distention: This involves two levels of work:
  • Passive Mechanism: Letting the muscle inertia act (elasticity of muscle tissue).
  • Active Consciousness: Controlling the relaxation.

Both types of relaxation can be an integral part of movement or a path...

Clasificación por complejidad de forma: la mayoría de las articulaciones sinoviales tienen superficies (máxima y menor) y son articulaciones simples. En las primeras, una superficie convexa completa encaja con una superficie opuesta cóncava.

Grados de libertad: las articulaciones que se mueven en un solo eje tienen 1 grado de libertad de movimiento. Las que se mueven en dos ejes tienen 2 grados de libertad, y si son tres ejes tienen 3 grados de libertad.

• 1. Rotación en un eje: uniaxial, 1 grado de libertad.
• 2. Movimientos independientes alrededor de un eje: biaxial, 2.º grado de libertad.
• 3. Algunas articulaciones pueden tener 3.er grado de libertad.

Clasificación de las articulaciones sinoviales

1. Articulaciones planas: son la aposición de

Preventive System Fundamentals

• Definition of an organizational and functional structure for the prevention system.
• Establishment of documentary support for the structure and management assignments.
• Human and material resources required for policy development.
• Implementation through system control audits and other tools.

Prevention Plan Membership

• Organizational structure.
• Definition of company responsibilities and functions.
• Establishment of system processes.
• Adequate resources to carry out preventive activities.

Management System Features

• Health and safety policy guidelines.
• Preventive planning.
• Organization and implementation plan.
• Regular monitoring of the execution of prevention programs.
• Evaluation and revision by the management system's executive committee.

The Importance of Warming Up

Warming up is defined as preparatory activities aimed at activating the functional systems of the organism and preparing it for the subsequent application of more demanding loads.

Physiological Objectives

• Increase the temperature inside the muscle.
• Improve metabolic processes; organs of the body can produce energy more easily with the increase in temperature.
• Decrease muscle viscosity. The components of muscle coated with liquid at rest become less viscous when the muscle is heated.
• Increase the elasticity of muscle fibers.
• Increase enzyme activity.
• Increase vascularization (increased number of vessels supplying the muscle and greater blood flow), which achieves:
  • Improved oxygen supply.
  • Improved supply of nutrients.
• Facilitate

Efectos y Ecuaciones en Generadores de Corriente Continua (CC)

Efecto producido en un generador de CC al cargar el primer efecto conectado:

Se analiza la tensión terminal $V_t$, y cómo la corriente de armadura $I_a$ se calcula mediante la fórmula $I_a = (V_t - E_a) / R_a$. Además, se considera la caída de tensión $U_a = K_n I_a$, donde $U_a < U_c$.

Problemas Resueltos y Cambio de Polos

Problema resuelto: Desplazamiento plano del neutro (disparo) y tensiones de inductancia. Se incluye el cambio de polos en un circuito de CC.

Curva de Excitación de Generador Independiente

Curva de excitación escalonada de un generador de excitación independiente:

El generador es excitado por la máquina, gira, se coloca el amperímetro (A) en el inductor...

Cardiovascular System Adaptation to Exercise

The cardiovascular system, comprising the heart, arteries, and veins, is responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Physical exercise produces a significant improvement in the functioning of the heart, increasing the volume of blood ejected with each stroke. It also leads to an increase in the cavities of the heart, and the arteries and veins widen, opening a greater number of capillaries.

Respiratory System and Exercise Benefits

The respiratory system, including the lungs and airways, is responsible for taking oxygen from the air, contributing it to the blood, and eliminating carbon dioxide by expelling it to the exterior. This increased volume, caused by physical exercise,...

Tips for Improvement

• Ensure that you enjoy perfect health before beginning any exercise, and if not, consult with a specialist tutor to tell us what exercises to do.
• Begin with moderate exercise; we will increase based on improvements and individual achievement.
• Consult competent staff when we need information.
• Physical activities that are mobilized are the most beneficial.
• You must choose an activity that amuses us, allowing us to identify with it (aerobic).
• Play sports with people, not alone.
• Develop an activity without competing.
• Alternating practices motivates you more.
• To make group practice, maintain hygiene and care.
• Set an hour weekly and commit to complying.
• Incorporate physical activity actions to reduce body weight daily.
• Aim for a balanced