Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Spanish for Baccalaureate

English Verb Tenses and Structures

Present Simple (P. SIMPL)

• (+) Affirmative: Subject + Verb + Complement
• (-) Negative: Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb (infinitive) + Complement
• (?) Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + Verb (infinitive) + Complement

Present Continuous (P. CONTIN)

• (+) Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + Verb (-ing) + Complement
• (-) Negative: Subject + aren't/isn't/am not + Complement
• (?) Interrogative: (Wh-word) + am/is/are + Subject + Verb (-ing)

Present Perfect (PR. PERFECT)

• (+) Affirmative: Subject + have/has + Past Participle
• (-) Negative: Subject + haven't/hasn't + Past Participle
• (?) Interrogative: (Wh-word) + have/has + Subject + Past Participle

Future Tenses

• Future Simple: will + Verb (infinitive)
• Future Continuous: Subject + will + be

Vocabulary: Describing Personality

Ambitious: ambitious

Arrogant: arrogant

Bossy: bossy

Capable: capable

Clever/Intelligent/Smart: intelligent

Coldhearted: coldhearted

Creative: creative

Cruel/Mean: cruel/mean

Dishonest: dishonest

Easy-Going: easy-going

Funny: funny

Generous: generous

Greedy: greedy

Hard-Working: hard-working

Honest: honest

Ignorant: ignorant

Impatient: impatient

Kind: kind

Lazy: lazy

Moody: moody

Narrow-Minded: narrow-minded

Outgoing: outgoing

Picky: picky

Polite: polite

Punctual: punctual

Reliable: reliable

Romantic: romantic

Rude: rude

Selfish: selfish

Shallow: shallow

Shy: shy

Sociable: sociable

Stingy: stingy

Strict: strict

Stubborn: stubborn

Talkative: talkative

Thoughtful: thoughtful

Unreliable: unreliable

Warm-Hearted: warm-hearted

Well-Educated/Well-Read:...

Memory and Learning Terms

• Long-term memory
• Short-term memory
• Process information
• Recycle information
• Effective strategy (estrategia efectiva)
• Short-term deadline (fecha limite)
• Fail an exam/test
• Pass an exam/test

Modal Verbs

• Obligation: must, have to + verb base form
• Recommendation or Advice: should, ought to
• Probability or Possibility: can, may (more formal), might (more informal)
• Ability: can, be able to
• Necessity: need to
• Prohibition: mustn't, can't

Adjectives: -ing vs. -ed

Adjectives ending in -ing describe the situation or thing causing the feeling.

Adjectives ending in -ed describe the feeling itself.

• Stressful (situation) vs. Stressed (feeling)
• Impressive (thing) vs. Impressed (feeling)
• Repulsive (thing) vs. Repulsed (feeling)
• Attractive (thing) vs. Attracted

Present simple

(+)s + v + s+comple.

Exam: You go to england

            He goes to  parís

(-)s + do/does +not+ v(forma base)+comp

Exam: You don´t to england

            He doesn´t to parís

(¿) Do/does +S+ v(normal)+complemento

exam:      Do you go to england?

                 Does he go to England?

 ( Se usa para acciones habituales ) adverbios : every day week,sometimes,usually,always,never,hardly ever,often,usually

exam: we often go to the beach

            we don´t often go to the Beach

             i visit my aunt every sunday

Present continuos

(+) s +be+ v+ ing + comple

 exam:   You are writing an Gmail

(-) s+ be + not + v + ing+ complemento

exam: you aren´t writing an Gmail

(

English Verb Tenses: Structure & Usage

Present Simple

• Affirmative: Subject + main verb (base form).
• Negative: Subject + auxiliary verb "to do" + not + main verb (base form).
• Interrogative: Auxiliary verb "To do" + subject + main verb (base form)?

Present Continuous

• Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary verb "to be" + main verb (-ing form).
• Negative: Subject + auxiliary verb "to be" + not + main verb (-ing form).
• Interrogative: Auxiliary verb "To be" + subject + main verb (-ing form)?

Past Simple

• Affirmative: Subject + main verb (-ed or irregular past form).
• Negative: Subject + wasn't/weren't (for verb "to be") OR Subject + auxiliary verb "did" + not + main verb (base form).
• Interrogative: Auxiliary verb "Was" / "Were" + subject? (for verb "to be") OR Auxiliary

Mastering English: Time, Word Building, and Connectors

Time Vocabulary and Expressions

Verbs related to time:

• Give: dar
• Have: tener
• Kill: matar
• Make up for: compensar
• Run out of: quedarse sin
• Save: guardar
• Spare: sobrante
• Take: tomar
• Take up: absorber
• Waste: perder

Prepositions of Time:

• At: en
• Before: antes
• By: por
• For: para
• From: desde
• In: dentro de
• Off: apagado
• On: sobre
• To: a

Common Time Expressions:

• With time to spare: con tiempo de sobra
• The whole time: todo el tiempo
• Time's up: se acabó el tiempo
• Short of time: poco tiempo
• I've got time on my hands: tengo el tiempo en mis manos
• For the time being: siendo por el momento
• A question of time: una cuestión de tiempo
• A long time ago: hace mucho tiempo
• There isn't much time left: no queda mucho tiempo
• The time next week:

Future Tenses in English Grammar

Understanding how to express future actions and predictions is crucial in English. Here's a breakdown of key future forms:

Future Continuous (Will be + -ing)

• Usage: Actions in progress at a specific time, duration, or interval in the future.
• Keywords: this time tomorrow, at 5 PM, for two hours, then.

Future Perfect (Will have + Past Participle)

• Usage: Actions completed before a specific moment in the future.
• Keywords: by this time, by then, by tomorrow, future adverb + perfect adverb.

Predictions and Certainty

Expressing predictions often involves specific verbs and adverbs:

• Verbs: think, believe, suppose, hope, know.
• Adverbs/Phrases: I'm sure, perhaps, probably, definitely.

Understanding English Modal Verbs

Modal verbs...

Essential Vocabulary: Relationships & Emotions

• ask out: Invitar a salir
• over the hill: Ir cuesta abajo
• attach: Poner, colocar
• bend over backwards: Hacer lo imposible
• breath: Aliento
• breathe: Respirar
• breathless: Sin aliento
• forgive: Perdonar
• cheer up: Levantar el ánimo a
• come between: Interponerse entre
• commit: Comprometerse
• couple: Pareja
• deserve: Merecer
• drift apart: Distanciarse
• drive away: Asustar
• envious: Envidioso
• drop by: Pasar por
• fall out: Enfadarse
• fate: Destino
• go mad over: Perder la cabeza por
• get it over with: Quitarse algo de encima
• gossip: Chismorreo
• hang out: Pasar el rato (Nota: 'Colgar el teléfono' es 'hang up')
• head over heels: Locamente enamorado
• hear from: Tener noticias de
• hear out: Escuchar (hasta el final)
• help out: Ayudar
• hold a grudge: