Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Spanish for Baccalaureate

Was/Were Going To

Affirmative Sentences

To form the affirmative, use the correct form of 'to be' followed by 'going to' and a verb.

Subject + was/were + going to + verb + rest of the sentence.

Example: They were going to dance at a party.

Negative Sentences

To form the negative, negate the verb 'to be'.

Subject + wasn't/weren't + going to + verb + rest of the sentence.

Example: They weren't going to dance at a party.

Interrogative Sentences

To form a question, invert the verb 'to be' and the subject.

Was/were + subject + going to + verb + rest of the sentence?

Example: Were they going to dance at a party?

Hope and Wish

The word 'wish' is often used to talk about unreal situations.

Example: I wish I had more money. (I don't have much money)

'Hope' is used in...

Irregular English Verbs: Pronunciation & Spanish

This list presents irregular English verbs with pronunciation (IPA), past forms, past participles and Spanish meanings. All original entries have been corrected for spelling, punctuation and capitalization.

be /biː/

Past: was /wɒz/ ; were /wɜːr/ — Past participle: been /biːn/ — Spanish: ser, estar

beat /biːt/

Past: beat /biːt/ — Past participle: beaten /ˈbiːtən/ — Spanish: golpear

become /bɪˈkʌm/

Past: became /bɪˈkeɪm/ — Past participle: become /bɪˈkʌm/ — Spanish: llegar a ser

begin /bɪˈɡɪn/

Past: began /bɪˈɡæn/ — Past participle: begun /bɪˈɡʌn/ — Spanish: empezar

bend /bend/

Past: bent /bent/ — Past participle: bent /bent/ — Spanish: doblar(se)

bet

Present Simple - Past Simple (2 Columns)

Present Continuous - Past Continuous

She was, were writing

Past Simple and Present Perfect Simple

She wrote, she has written

Past Perfect Simple

She had written

Future Simple

Will write

Conditional

She would write

Time Expressions

This morning, afternoon, evening, week, month, year - That

Today - That day

Tonight - That night

Next week, month, year - That

Yesterday - The day before

Last summer, week, month, year - The ... before

Now - At the time

Tomorrow - The following day

Here - There

A week, month, year ago - The week, month, year before

Verb Patterns

Verb + That

Rebeca admitted, complained, explained, mentioned, pointed out, proved, recommended, said, stated, suggested that the subject should verb.

Verb + To + Infinitive

David...

Brand Strategies

If a single product is damaged, the entire brand image can be affected. Brand strategy is usually used for similar products.

Multiple Brands

• Individual brand strategy: Using a different name for each product.
• Product line brand strategy: Using the same name for products that have a relationship with each other.
• Second brand strategy: Used by companies that have other, more prestigious brands in the market. Objective: To cover a larger market segment.

Distributor Brands

These are brands manufactured by a specific industry and offered to the consumer under the name or brand of the distributor or retailer, who will be the one to carry out all promotional and communication activities regarding them.

Product Life Cycle

Products have a life...

Relative Clauses

Defining vs. Non-Defining

• **Defining relative clauses** (no commas): Provide essential information to identify the noun.
• **Non-defining relative clauses** (commas): Add extra, non-essential information.

Types of Relative Clauses

• People: *who* and *that*
• Things: *which* and *that*
• Places: *where*
• Times: *when*
• Possession: *whose*

Formal vs. Informal Structure

• **Formal:** The preposition precedes the relative pronoun, and *whom* is used instead of *who*.
• **Informal:** The preposition follows the verb.

Connectors

• **Addition:** *also*, *in addition*, *as well as*, *besides*
• **Contrast:** *but*, *however*, *although*, *while*, *even though*
• **Others:** *in conclusion*, *it is important to*, *in my opinion*

Verb Tenses and Forms

• **Stative verbs**

Sports and Success

English - Spanish

A - E

Astounding - asombroso

Award - prem

Balance - equilibrio

Championship - campeonato

Defeat - derrotar a

Drill - rutina de ejercicios

Eager - ansioso

F - J

Feat - hazaña

In good shape - en buena forma

Jump the gun - adelantarse a los acontecimientos

Keep fit - mantenerse en forma

L - P

Leap - saltar

Learn the ropes - aprender a hacer el trabajo

Move the goalpost - cambiar las reglas

On the ball - al tanto

Opponent - contrincante

R - U

Rank - clasificar

Reluctant - reacio

Role model - modelo a seguir

Runner up - subcampeon

Setback - revés

S - Z

Strike - pegar

Surpass - superar a

Take off - empezar a tener éxito

Teammate - compañero de equipo

Work one's way up - subir puestos

Work out - entrenar

Idioms and Expressions

A - E

Allowance...

Past vs. Present: Using "There Was/Were"

Twelve years ago, there were several trees. There weren't stores in front of the clock. There were a lot of people around. There weren't uncomfortable wooden benches.

Let's compare the past and present using "There was" / "There wasn't":

• There was a cool view around the square.
• There wasn't any Play Queen Desserts store near the clock.
• There was a big amount of tea.

Rules for "There Was" / "There Were"

Positive Forms

• I/He/She/It: was
• You/We/They: were

Negative Forms

• I/He/She/It: wasn't (was not)
• You/We/They: weren't (were not)

Interrogative Forms

• Was (I/She/He/It)...?
• Were (You/We/They)...?

Short Answers

• Positive: Yes, I was. Yes, you were. Yes, he/she/it was. Yes, we were. Yes, they were.
• Negative: No, I wasn't. No,

English Passive Voice Examples

Transforming active voice sentences to passive voice:

• Open → is opened
• Is opening → is being opened
• Has opened → has been opened
• Opened → was opened
• Was opening → was being opened
• Had opened → had been opened
• Will open → will be opened
• Is going to open → is going to be opened

Conditional Sentence Structures

• First Conditional (1º): If / Unless / As long as + Present Simple, ... Will + Infinitive. (e.g., If I cook..., I will eat...)
• Second Conditional (2º): If + Past Simple, ... Would + Infinitive. (e.g., If I cooked..., I would eat...)
• Third Conditional (3º): If + Past Perfect, ... Would Have + Past Participle. (e.g., If I had cooked..., I would have eaten...)

Using Gerunds (-ing form)

Use a gerund:

• When the

Common Spanish Phrases and Expressions

• Vivir separados - To live apart.
• Ponerse de moda - To become fashionable.
• A largo plazo - Long term.
• Llover a cántaros - To rain cats and dogs.
• Enfermo mental - Mentally ill.
• De milagro - By a miracle.
• Sino todo lo contrario - Quite the reverse.
• Seguir los pasos de - To follow the footsteps of.
• Alistarse en el ejército - To join the army.
• Poco después - Shortly afterwards.
• Una mosquita muerta - A wolf in sheep's clothing (not 'a candy ass').
• No cabe duda - There is no doubt.
• Así es la vida - This is the way of life.
• Querer es poder - Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Dar gracias a Dios - To thank one's lucky stars.
• Soportar - To put up with.
• Matar dos pájaros de un tiro - To kill two birds with one stone.
• Tranquilízate