Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Religion for Secondary education

Biography of St. Teresa of Ávila

Her life spans from her childhood to the founding of the first convent of St. Joseph of Ávila in 1562. It is known that during her childhood, she had a fondness for chivalric romances and the lives of saints. In 1531, her father interned her as a pupil in the Augustinian convent of Santa María de Gracia, but the following year she had to return home due to a serious illness. Determined to take the Carmelite habit against her father's will, in 1535, she left home to go to the Convent of the Incarnation. She received the habit the following year and made her profession in 1537.

Around that time, she entered a period of distress and illness, which lasted until 1542. During these years, she confessed that she learned...

Carols and Passion: The Legend of the Lily

This legend begins in the cave where Mary and Joseph, the parents of Jesus Christ, took refuge. Once Jesus had already been born, a couple with a child came seeking shelter. The child was sick with leprosy, and Mary, moved by compassion, completely cured him of his illness, leaving only a small mark on his skin, silver and white like a lily.

Thirty-three years later, Jesus was tried and sentenced to crucifixion. Beside him, two robbers shared his conviction, one good and one bad. The good robber turned out to be the little boy with leprosy who, years ago, slept in the cave where Jesus was born, as he could still see the mark of the lily upon himself.

The Legend of Sakuntala and the King's Ring

This legend...

Medieval Castilian Literature: Authors and Forms

Gonzalo de Berceo

Gonzalo de Berceo: In Castilian, he is the first poet whose name is known. He wrote works of religious content. The Miracles of Our Lady are stories of miracles that show how the Virgin protects and forgives her devotees, even when they have committed faults.

Don Juan Manuel

Don Juan Manuel: The noble prince, nephew of Alfonso X, is the foremost representative of prose fiction in the 14th century.

The Count collected 51 short stories whose purpose is to teach nobles how to behave in the administration of their land.

They are structured:

• The Count presents a problem to his counselor Patronio.
• Patronio relates a tale relevant to the Count's problem.
• After the tale, Patronio reflects and

Bourgeoisie Defined

A non-privileged social group residing in cities, primarily engaged in trade, banking, or industry.

The Role of Parliament

A political institution that historically represented the nobility, clergy, and cities.

Understanding Humanism

A political, social, and cultural ideology originating at the beginning of the Early Modern Period. It is based on reason, progress, and the **value** of the human being.

Protestantism and the Reformation

A Christian religious confession that separated from the Catholic Church, based on the ideas of Martin Luther in the 16th century.

The Modern State (Authoritarian Monarchies)

Also known as authoritarian monarchies, the Modern State represents the transition from decentralized monarchies (characterized...

• Avignon: City in France where Pope Clement V moved the Church.
• Great Schism: Division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome.
• John Wycliffe: English man that challenged the papacy. He preached that Jesus Christ was the true head of the church and not the pope.
• Jan Hus: Professor in Bohemia; taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope.
• Bubonic Plague: Deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe, killing millions of people. Three effects of this were that the town population fell, trade declined, and the serfs left the manor in search of better ways.
• Hundred Years War: Conflict between England and France for the French crown from 1337 to 1453.
• Joan of

United States Presidents Listing

First List of Presidents

• George Washington (1789-1797) F
• John Adams (1797-1801) F
• Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) D
• James Madison (1809-1817) D
• James Monroe (1817-1825) D
• John Q. Adams (1825-1829) W
• Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) D
• Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) D
• William H. Harrison (1841) D (VP)
• John Tyler (1841-1845) W
• James K. Polk (1845-1849) D
• Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) W
• Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) W
• Franklin Pierce (1853-1857) D
• James Buchanan (1857-1861) D
• Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865) R
• Andrew Johnson (1865-1869) R
• Ulysses S. Grant (1865-1877) R
• Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) R
• James A. Garfield (1881) R
• Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) R
• Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) D
• Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) R
• Grover Cleveland (1893-1897) D
• William

The Catholic Church began its own reform to stop the spread of Lutheranism.

The Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent to correct the mistakes of Catholics.

• Prohibition of the sale of indulgences
• Creation of seminaries to improve the education of the clergy
• Obligation of the clergy to lead an exemplary life
• Creation of the catechism (basic teachings)

The Pope created the Inquisition in 1542, a tribunal that persecuted and punished those who didn't follow the Catholic doctrine. The Index Prohibitorum was written, with the list of forbidden books. For example: "95 Theses".

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) spread the ideas of the Counter Reformation.

The five pillars of Islam

Prayer- Salat. Giving of alms- Zakat. Ramafan- Sawm. Pilgrimage to Mecca- Hajj. Faith-

The three events that signify the end of the Middle Ages

Holy Roman Empire: This title was given by the pope to a Carolingian king in 800 AD.

Charles Martel: “The Hammer” This Frankish king halted the Muslim invasion of Europe at the Battle of Tours.

Mecca: Holy city destination of pilgrimage.

Carolingian Renaissance: Named for the dynasty during which it occurred, this period of revitalization attempted to standardize language and another liturgy. All church followed same policies.

Gregory VII: Responsible for instituting a number of reforms, this pope clashed with the Holy Roman Emperor in the Investiture Controversy.

Toleration argument:...

The Origins of Islam

Islam emerged in the Middle East on the Arabian Peninsula, with Mecca serving as its primary religious center. Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 and was known as a deeply religious man. Legend states that the angel Gabriel appeared to him, declaring him the new prophet of Allah. He began preaching a religion based on submission to Allah. Due to persecution by the people of Mecca, Muhammad was forced to flee.

The Hijra

In 622, Muhammad escaped from Mecca to Medina, an event known as the Hijra, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Muhammad successfully converted the people of Medina to Islam. By the time of his death in 632, the majority of Arabs had become Muslims.

Core Beliefs and Practices

Islam teaches that Allah...

They Live in You

Chorus

Ingonyama nengw' enamabala

Shenzi & Banzai

Night
And the spirit of life calling
Mamela
And a voice
With the fear of a child asking
Mamela

Wait
There's no mountain too great
Hear these words and have faith
Have faith

They live in you
They live in me
They're watching over
Everything we see

In every creature
In every star
In your reflection
They live in you

They live in you
They live in me
They're watching over
Everything we see

In every creature
In every star
In your reflection
They live in you

Chorus

Ingonyama nengw' enamabala