Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for History for Baccalaureate

Chapter 16

1. Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan

2. Wade-Davis Manifesto

3. Freedmen's Bureau

4. John Wilkes Booth

5. Proclamation of Amnesty

6. Radical Republicans

7. Military Reconstruction Act

8. Tenure of Office Act

9. Union League

10. Baptist

11. African Americans

12. Carpetbaggers

13. Scalawags

14. Ku Klux Klan

15. Liberal Republicans

16. Republicans

17. Samuel Tilden

18. Grant

19. 1876 Presidential Election

20. Compromise of 1877

21. Reconstruction

22. Andrew Johnson

23. Fifteenth Amendment

24. Susan B. Anthony

25. Horace Greeley

26. Pinckney Pinchback

27. Hiram Revels

28. Edwin M. Stanton

29. Charles Sumner

A. Most Popular Religious Denomination Among Blacks

This was the most popular religious denomination among blacks in the postwar South

B. Group Opposed Grant

This group...

Chapter 15: The American Civil War

Key Figures and Battles

Match the following items with their descriptions:

1. Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri: These were the only slave states that remained in the Union.
2. Union naval blockade: This quickly choked off Southern commercial activity.
3. The First Battle of Bull Run: This was the first real battle of the Civil War.
4. Anaconda Plan: This refers to the initial three-pronged Union strategy that included, among other things, a blockade of the southern coast to strangle the South.
5. Britain: Much of the Confederacy’s diplomatic efforts were aimed at this nation.
6. Kansas-Missouri border: Fighting along this featured brutal guerilla warfare.
7. Battle of Antietam: This was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

The Cyclical Nature of the Cold War

The course of the Cold War was cyclical, with both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. alternating between periods of assertion. In the first years after 1945, the U.S. quickly demobilized its wartime military forces. Stalin, however, rejected American blueprints for peace, exploited the temporarily favorable correlation of forces to impose Communist regimes on East-Central Europe, and maintained the military-industrial emphasis in Soviet central planning.

Initial U.S. Containment Strategy (1947-1953)

Soviet policy prompted the first American outpouring of energy between 1947 and 1953, when the strategy of containment and the policies to implement it emerged. These included:

• The Truman Doctrine
• The Marshall Plan
• NATO
• The

Background

The Bayona's Pact was a document drafted in 1945 by the Basque government and other Basque political forces in exile following the end of World War II. It outlined their commitment to cooperate in restoring democracy to the Basque Country.

Basque Autonomy and the Spanish Civil War

Prior to the Civil War, the Basque Country had sought autonomy, which was granted by the Popular Front government. However, the outbreak of war divided the Basque territories, with Araba and Navarre supporting Franco's uprising while Gipuzkoa and Viscay opposed it.

Despite receiving their statute, Gipuzkoa and Viscay continued fighting until their defeat. Franco subsequently labeled them"traitor province" for their opposition.

Basque Government in Exile

Basque...

Document Analysis: Prim Sour

Type: Article, propaganda text, and narrative/content, socio-political text.

Author: Socialists, their Bulletin La Lucha de Clases, published by socialist committees of Bilbao, Gallarta, and Ortuella (inspired by Facundo Perezagua). Introduction: La lucha de clases.

Addressed: Workers of Bizkaia (miners), but also the Government (public text).

Objective: Denounce the working conditions of miners and call for mobilization.

Location and Date: Period of the process of industrialization in Bizkaia (1896), accumulation of capital by the bourgeoisie, poor living and working conditions for workers, leading to the beginning of the labor movement.

Main Idea: Denounce the working conditions of miners and call for mobilization....

The Burgos Trials and Public Opinion

When, in December 1970, fourteen people supposedly implicated in the Manzanas assassination went to military trial in Burgos, the prosecution requested the death penalty for six of their number. However, a massive sway of public opinion against the state (domestically and internationally) and the bad publicity that the trial had generated for the Franco regime forced the authorities to back down. The death penalties were commuted to life sentences.

ETA's Transformation and Factionalism

After 1970, ETA received many new recruits, some of former EGI members and many working-class youths from the industrial towns of the Basque Country. As a result, ETA became much more of an urban guerrilla movement and during...

The Bay of Pigs Invasion

The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed 1961 attempt by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to overthrow Fidel Castro using Cuban exiles. The operation was a significant failure that damaged the international reputation of the United States and strengthened the communist cause in Cuba.

The Cuban Missile Crisis

In October 1962, the Kennedy administration faced its most serious foreign policy challenge. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev sought to strengthen ties with Cuba and defend the island from the United States. Starting in May 1960, the Soviet Union began shipping ballistic missiles and technicians to Cuba, believing President Kennedy would not react. After consulting with his advisers, Kennedy blockaded...

Mexico's Path to Independence and Early Republic

In Mexico, the struggle for independence began with priests Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and José María Morelos y Pavón. It was ultimately completed by Agustín de Iturbide, who led a coalition of Creoles terrified of being governed by the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812.

Economic Challenges of the New Nation

With the end of the Spanish monopoly, the volume of foreign trade grew significantly, from 148 ships in 1823 to 639 in 1826. However, exports did not keep pace with imports, creating a substantial deficit. This imbalance necessitated the export of precious metals, which in turn created severe problems for the new government. The only way to overcome this crisis was through foreign loans....

In 1959, *Cuba* became the scene of the most successful social revolution in Latin America. This pivotal event was the culmination of decades of political unrest, foreign intervention, and internal struggles for sovereignty and self-determination.

Roots of Revolution: Spanish Rule and US Intervention

*José Martí* was a key leader and founder of *El Partido Revolucionario Cubano*, advocating for Cuba's independence from Spain. However, the brutal tactics of Spanish General *Valeriano Weyler*, who killed many insurgents, fueled further hatred towards Spanish rule.

American businesses in Cuba faced destruction due to the ongoing conflict, causing significant concern in the United States. By 1898, the situation in Cuba was out of control, prompting...

Electronic Devices

Camcorder

Cordless Phone

Desktop Computer

Digital Camera

DVD Player

Games Console

Handheld Games Console

Hi-Fi

Laptop Computer

Netbook

Mobile Phone

Remote Control

Widescreen Television

Computing

Base Unit

Monitor

Printer

Router

Scanner

Speakers

Home Appliances

Microwave

Mobile Phone

Stereo

Video Recorder

Cooker

Fridge

Cassette Player

Freezer

Hairdryer

Washing Machine

Radio

TV

Technology

Fax Machine

CD-ROM

Disc

Printer

Smart Card

Screen

Vocabulary: Black History

African-American

Black American of African descent

Slaves

People who are owned and forced to work by someone else

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice

Prejudice

An opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought

Civil Rights

Human rights

Justice

The administration of...