Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Wealth

Definition: A large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has.

Example: Their policies are all towards the creation of wealth.

Currency

Definition: The money that is used in a particular country at a particular time.

Example: Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit currency.

Endeavor

Definition: To try to do something.

Example: Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem.

Deliver

Definition: To take goods, letters, parcels, etc., to people's houses or places of work.

Example: Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.

Guilty

Definition: Feeling guilt.

Example: You've got a guilty conscience, that's why you can't sleep.

Rage

Definition: A period of extreme or violent anger.

Example: I was frightened...

Mass Media

Journalistic Genres

The journalistic genre is divided into two main categories:

• News: Includes reporting, features, interviews, and reviews.
• Opinion: Includes columns, letters to the editor, editorials, and critiques.

News

News should be a factual account that generates public interest. It must be accurate, timely, and concise, meeting specific criteria to be considered news. It has a three-part structure:

• Headline: (Includes the main heading, title, and subtitle)
• Lead: Answers the six key questions: What happened? Who was involved? When did it happen? Where did it happen? How did it happen? Why did it happen?
• Body: (Uses an inverted pyramid structure)

Feature

Combines elements of news and interviews. Its structure is extended to cover a relevant...

Sample Cover Letter for Outdoor Positions

Dear Ms. Grant,

I am writing in response to your advertisement placed in the Eastern Tribune on February 6th. I would like to apply for the position of Guide.

I have always enjoyed working in the outdoors and am experienced in hiking, camping, and rock climbing. This past summer, I worked as a counsellor at a summer camp, which gave me extensive experience working with people.

I am very reliable and hardworking. I am in excellent physical condition and excel at a number of sports. Most importantly, I am willing to work hard in order to keep your guests safe and to give them a positive experience of the Great Outdoors.

I hope you will consider my application favourably. I have attached a full CV and would...

Daily Life and Personal Observations

Here are some reflections and observations on various aspects of daily life, from personal interactions to future considerations.

1. Social Dynamics and Personal Preferences

• Carol sings love songs with her friends. She's more fun than I am and is the prettiest girl in school.
• Do you live farther away than I do?
• Who was the smartest, tall, slim, interesting, and popular girl in school?

2. Opinions, Recommendations, and Conditions

• I think this is the worst movie, but this is the best book of all, even though it's the cheapest. Do not take it from the library. Buy it!
• I met the worst student in class on Thursday.
• Unless they call me tonight, do not go to the soccer game tomorrow afternoon.

3. Habits, Conditions, and

Understanding how to convert direct speech into reported (or indirect) speech is a fundamental aspect of English grammar. This involves changes in tenses, pronouns, time and place adverbs, and demonstratives. Let's break down the key transformations.

Direct vs. Reported Speech Basics

Direct Speech: Quoting the exact words spoken. Often enclosed in quotation marks. Example: He said, "She studies English."

Reported Speech: Reporting what someone said without quoting their exact words. Often introduced by a reporting verb like "said that," "told me that," etc. Tenses and other elements usually shift backward. Example: He said that she studied English.

Tense Changes in Reported Speech

• Present Simple to Past Simple

  • Direct: "She studies English."
  • Reported:

English Grammar Exercises and Solutions

1. Choose the Correct Answers

Many people who live in Mumbai, India are homeless. If families had the money, they would send their children to school. But they haven't got money, so they must send their children to work. However, in 1998, a project called the Doorstep School-on-Wheels was created to bring education to some of the children. Every day, a school bus parks in the areas of the city where large numbers of homeless children live. This bus does not transport the children to a local school; instead, the children are given lessons on the bus in language, math, science, music, and art. Since the Doorstep School-on-Wheels program started, it has helped hundreds of children. Some of the students want...

Memorable Moments

A Horrible Day

Once upon a time, I was shopping for clothes and shoes for my collection. Many workers were fixing toilets in the women's restroom. I was hungry, and I saw people selling tacos on the corner. "Oh, today is my lucky day!" I thought. Excitedly, I went to eat tacos, unaware of what was about to happen. After finishing five tacos, I felt a terrible stomachache and urgently needed a restroom. I returned to the store, only to remember the restroom was out of order. Desperate, I sat on the floor, trying to think of a solution, but nothing came to mind. I left the store, found a bus, and went home. Feeling relieved, I vowed never to eat street tacos again.

Next Summer

Next summer, I plan to travel to Rome with my family....

The Real-Life Spider-Man

1. A Global Urban Climber

Alain Robert has climbed about 100 of the world's tallest buildings, including the Empire State Building in New York, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and the Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia. It is not surprising that people call him “The Real Spider-Man.”

2. Early Beginnings in France

Alain began climbing on the cliffs near where he lived in Valence, France. One day, when he was 12, he arrived home and realized he had forgotten his keys. He climbed up the side of the building and entered his family's flat through a window—eight floors up. That was when he decided to become a professional climber.

3. Overcoming Adversity

In his teens, he climbed all the difficult mountains in the Alps and found...

The Young Man Billy's Journey to Bath

Billy, a 17-year-old young man, was traveling from London to Bath by train. Bath, a beautiful city, caught his attention. He was wearing a hat, an overcoat, and carrying a suitcase. As he felt tired, he tried to do everything as he had been asked.

On his way, he noticed a small sign that said 'Bed and Breakfast.' The room wasn't spacious, as it was a house owned by an old lady. Although he wanted to go to the hotel he was assigned, he decided to press the doorbell and a middle-aged lady opened the door. She was kind but seemed a little peculiar.

Billy took the room on the third floor. However, before he could unpack his belongings, the lady insisted that he sign the guest book. While signing it, he noticed...