Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Rhetorical Devices: Classification and Examples

1. Phonic Resources (Sound Devices)

These devices affect the sound structure of the text.

Alliteration

This is the repetition of a sound or sound group, often consonants, for effect.

• Example: In ilencio s s s ee s olo spoon an s u s s bee Urrô that s NABO.

Paronomasia

Paronomasia involves a play on words, using words that have significant phonetic similarities but different meanings (paronyms).

• Example:

  my basket Poor
  among broken rocks,
  without candles sleepless
  and the waves alone!

2. Semantic Resources (Figures of Meaning)

Metaphor (Impure)

This relates a real term (R) with an imaginary term (I), identifying them while keeping the real term present.

• Example: His hair was a waterfall that fell...

Metaphor

Healthy Lifestyle and Daily Habits in England

Subject: My lifestyle in England

Hi Antonia,

Thanks for your email! It was really interesting to read about your healthy lifestyle. You are lucky to live near the mountains!

About me, I think my lifestyle is quite healthy too. I usually eat vegetables, fruit, and sometimes pasta. I don’t do rock climbing, but I go to the gym twice a week and I enjoy playing football with my friends at the weekend. It helps me stay fit and relaxed.

In my free time, I also like:

• Listening to music
• Watching films at home

I don’t live near nature, but I try to walk to school instead of taking the bus.

Do you ever do other sports apart from walking and climbing? I’d love to see some of your photos!

Take care,
[Your Name]

Introducing

Anwar's London Adventure: A Letter to Pedro

To: pepogarcí[email protected]
Subject: Excited to Join You in London!

Hi Pedro,

It was great to get your message! I'm very excited about my stay in London. I'm from Trondheim, Norway, where I live with my parents and younger sister. We're all into sports, especially skiing and ice hockey, which I've been playing for years. Luckily, we have lots of snow to enjoy safely!

I want to improve my English while exploring London. Although I read quite well, I'm still slightly shy when speaking. Hopefully, living with your family will help me become more confident. I'm also eager to explore the city's history and culture.

Could you tell me a bit about your hobbies? I'd love to know what you enjoy doing and any tips you...

Frankenstein: Key Questions Answered

1. Why did the monster enter the cottage when only the old man was home?

   Because the old man was nearly blind, he would not be terrified by the monster's appearance.

2. What was the monster’s revenge for the De Lacey family’s rejection?

   He waited until dark and then set fire to their cottage. A strong wind that night fanned the flames, and soon, the house was completely destroyed.

3. How did Victor feel when the monster requested a female companion?

   At first, Victor absolutely refused because the monster had killed his little brother. However, after a long period of reflection, he concluded that justice, due both to the monster and their fellow creatures, demanded that he comply with the request.

4. Why did Victor

King Solomon's Wisdom: A Tale of Truth and Maternal Love

Two mothers appeared before King Solomon with two children, one of them dead. Both disputed the living child, each declaring their legitimate motherhood. The king ordered that they divide the living child in two and give half to each woman. The real mother, overcome with sadness, relinquished her claim. Solomon, demonstrating his wisdom, awarded her the child, recognizing her as the true mother.

The Complexities of Truth and Lies

Truth and lies are often intertwined. King Solomon initially struggled to discern which woman was lying. Lies are often disguised as truth, so perfectly that they are difficult to detect. Ingenuity and careful observation are needed to unmask deception.

The Corrosive

Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. He served as editor of several literary journals, such as the Broadway Journal. He wrote poems, short stories, and literary criticism "The Poetic Principl"). He gathered some of his short stories in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840). They deal with the fantastic, mystery, and horror. While reading Poe, you find strangeness in the beautiful, and it is evident in the setting. His plots take place in unspecified pasts and locations or invented geographies; intense subjectivism, conveyed by first-person perspective; extreme subjective states, where Poe's characters are usually nervous, mad, or hallucinating from drugs. In general, his characters...

Modal certainty: will, must, be bound to

Assumption or prediction: will

Logical necessity: must

Probability or ‘reasonable inference’: should, ought

Extrinsic possibility: may, might, could

Summary of extrinsic modal

He will be there by now. (assumption/prediction based on experience or common sense)

I shall probably be back before you (prediction)

He must be there by now. (logical necessity, deduction based on evidence)

He can’t be there yet. (logical necessity negated)

He’s bound to be there. (modal certainty + inevitability)

He has to be there by now. (logical necessity, objective)

He’s likely to be there by now. (probability)

He should be there by now. (reasonable inference based on deduction)

He could be there by now. (tentative possibility)...

Characters of Heart of Darkness

Marlow

Marlow, the main character and narrator, possesses a distinct personality. He dislikes appearing ridiculous, finds ordering others quite indolent, enjoys reading, and holds a profound fascination for specific topics. He contemplates the nature of work and its execution, abhors lies, and harbors great admiration for Mr. Kurtz, whom he has not yet met.

Kurtz

Kurtz is portrayed as a man of exceptional talent, admired by all, which explains Marlow's profound fascination. He is a captivating orator, capable of enthralling audiences globally. He embraces a free life in the jungle, exploring, observing, and living among the indigenous people. His most striking characteristic is his fervent enthusiasm for jungle life,...

Passive Voice:

(pasiva):present simple:(active)peter paints the house-(passive)the house is painted by peter/present continuous:(active)peter is painting the house-(passive)the house is being painted by peter/past simple:(active)peter painted the house-(passive)the house was painted by peter/past continuous:(active)peter was painting the house-(passive)the house was being painted by peter/present perfect:(active)peter has painted the house-(passive)the house has been painted by peter/future will:(active)peter will paint the house-(passive)the house will be painted by peter/be going to:(active)peter is going to paint the house-(passive)the house is going to be painted by peter.

Vocabulary:

(vocabulario):casual:casual/tight:ajustado/uncool:poco...