Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Other courses

Proposal Writing

Introduction

In response to your invitation, I am writing with regard to... The aim of this proposal is to... / This proposal is intended to highlight the current problems with... and give ideas for improving.

Conclusion

If these recommendations are implemented, the current (undesirable) situation with... will definitely improve. I trust you will give this proposal careful consideration.

Essay Writing

Many people feel that... It is widely believed that... It would be ideal if... Another argument in favour is...

Linking Words and Phrases

• Sequencing: First of all, ... Secondly, ... Finally, ...
• Addition: In addition, ... Moreover, ... Furthermore, ...
• Result: So... As a result, ... Therefore, ...
• Contrast: However, ... On the one hand..

The Origins and History of Golf

1. The Dutch Connection

Historians debate the possible Dutch origin of golf because several paintings by Dutch artists depict people playing a game remarkably similar to golf.

2. Royal Opposition

The monarch was not fond of golf because his subjects spent too much time playing the game instead of practicing archery to protect the kingdom.

3. Golf in London

Golf reached London in 1603, coinciding with the Union of the Crowns of Scotland and England.

4. Linguistic Roots

a) Irish, Japanese, Russian. b) Kind: strike; Saw: gowff.

5. Historical Theories

a) It is suggested that golf descends from a game brought by the Romans. b) Golf and similar activities were practiced as early as 1502. c) While there are many sports and leisure...

Weekend Plans and Birthday Celebrations

V: Hello, how are you?

F: Hello friend, I am well, thank you. And you?

V: I'm well. I want to meet next weekend because it's my birthday.

F: I already know that, Vane. We should go to the disco at night. That sounds perfect, but on Saturday morning, I will be buying food.

V: OK, Fabi. We could meet at night before going to the disco on Saturday. Yes, although on Sunday, I have lunch with my parents, brothers, and sisters because it is Mother's Day.

F: Very well, Vane. On Sunday, I have lunch out and then usually go to the park with my dog for two hours. What do you do after lunch?

V: I'm going to clean my house while I listen to my favorite music. What will you do on Sunday night?

F: In the afternoon, I will...

Listening Exercise 1

• Speaker 1: Keeping in touch with my family.
• Speaker 2: Visiting other places and trying new food.
• Speaker 3: Watching someone in my family win.
• Speaker 4: Spending time in the backyard.
• Speaker 5: Going on vacation with my family.

Listening Exercise 2

Interview 1

• 1. Jin-Joo has worked in the movie industry: Since he was 22 years old.
• 2. His first dog's name is: Monty.

Interview 2

• 3. The cat café opened: Two years ago.

Interview 3

• 4. Fei moved to Taiwan: Four years ago.

Interview 4

• 5. The man has been a police officer: Ten years.
• 6. Three years ago, the man became a: Police dog handler.

Interview 5

• 7. The man has been on vacation at Wrightsville Beach: Only for two days.

Know-Knew-Known-Knows-Knowing(CONOCER)
Lay-Laid-Laid-Lays-Laying(PONER)
Lead-Led-Led-Leads-Leading(LLEVAR)
Learn-Learnt/Learned-Learnt/Learned-Learns-Learning(APRENDER)
Leave-Left-Left-Leaves-Leaving(IRSE)
Lend-Lent-Lent-Lends-Lending(PRESTAR)
Let-Let-Let-Lets-Letting(PERMITIR)
Lie-Lay-Lain-Lies-Lying(MENTIR)
Light-Lit-Lit-Lights-Lighting(ENCENDER)
Lose-Lost-Lost-Loses-Losing(PERDER)
Make-Made-Made-Makes-Making(HACER)
Meet-Met-Met-Meets-Meeting(CONOCER)
Melt-Melted-Molten/Melted-Melts-Melting(DERRETIR)
Misunderstand-Misunderstood-Misunderstood-Misunderstands-Misunderstanding(MALINTERPRETAR)
Pay-Paid-Paid-Pays-Paying(PAGAR)
Put-Put-Put-Puts-Putting(PONER)
Read-Read-Read-Reads-Reading(LEER)
Ride-Rode-Ridden-Rides-Riding(MONTAR)
Ring-Rang-Rung-Rings-Ringing(SONAR)...

1. Ask (somebody) out: Invite someone to go with you to the cinema.
2. Break down (in tears): To be so overwhelmed by emotion as to have no control.
3. Call (something) off: Cancel an event or agreement.
4. Chip in: Contribute something as one's share of a joint activity.
5. Come down with (a cold / something): To become or to be sick with some illness.
6. Count on (somebody): Rely on.
7. Do away with (something): To remove it completely or put an end to it.
8. Drop off: Very large decrease in level or amount.
9. Drown out: To destroy or get rid of something.
10. Show stopper: An event that provokes such a strong reaction that it stops whatever's happening.
11. Fall for: Fall in love with.
12. Get on well: How much success they are having with what they are trying to do.
13. Get over (something)

Mission to Aurelia: Journey Through the Cosmos

In the vast expanse of the universe, a small spacecraft hurtled through the darkness of space. Its destination was Aurelia, a distant planet discovered by astronomers back on Earth. The crew onboard—a diverse team of scientists, engineers, and explorers—had been chosen for their skills, expertise, and resilience in the face of the unknown.

Approaching Aurelia's Orbit

"Approaching Aurelia's orbit," announced Captain Chen, her voice steady and calm over the intercom. "Get ready for atmospheric entry."

The crew gathered in the observation deck, their faces reflecting a mixture of excitement and trepidation. As the spacecraft drew closer to the mysterious planet, the shimmering jewel of Aurelia sparkled...

The Invisible Girl

Sarah wasn’t just quiet; she felt invisible. In her small village, where every day seemed exactly the same, her only escape was a secret diary hidden under a loose floorboard. There, she didn’t just write thoughts; she recorded strange scenes and dark feelings that felt unsettling.

The Midnight Encounter

One night, after reading an entry about a girl walking alone in the forest at midnight, a chill ran down her spine. Without really knowing why, Sarah grabbed her coat and stepped outside. The village was silent, and the forest seemed to be waiting for her. The deeper she went, the stronger the feeling grew: she was not alone.

The Shadow Revealed

Then she saw it—a shadow behind a tree, still and watching. Her breathing quickened;...

Airport Arrival and Meeting Arrangements

• Vanesa: Good morning, Vanesa speaking. Who is calling?
• Fabiola: Hello, this is Fabiola.
• Vanesa: Sorry, which Fabiola?
• Fabiola: Fabiola Estrada.
• Vanesa: Oh, Fabiola! How are you?
• Fabiola: I am fine, thank you. And you?
• Vanesa: Fine, thank you.
• Fabiola: I am calling to let you know when I get to the airport.
• Vanesa: OK, good idea. We should wear something that identifies us.
• Fabiola: Yes, we could both wear a red scarf on our hands.
• Vanesa: OK, I will take one.
• Fabiola: I am short and slim. My hair is long, wavy, and dark. I will wear jeans and a red T-shirt.
• Vanesa: OK, I am short and slim. My hair is short, straight, and black.
• Fabiola: What is the expected time of arrival?
• Vanesa: The expected time of arrival at the