Mastering English Grammar and Vocabulary: Future and Passive Tenses

Future Continuous

Structure: will be + verb-ing.

• Example: I will be studying at university in three years’ time.
• Negative: I won’t be working in three years’ time.
• Question: What will you be doing this time next year?

Future Perfect

Structure: will have + past participle.

• Example: Many American teens will have learnt to drive by the age of 16.
• Negative: I won’t have started driving by then.
• Question: Will you have voted by the age of 17?

Future Modals

• Ability / Possibility: will / won’t be able to.
• Obligation / Necessity: will have to / will need to.
• No Obligation: won’t have to / won’t need to.

Future Time Clauses

Note: Do not use will with when, until, as soon as, if, after, or before.

• Example: We’ll go out when you finish your homework.
• Example: I won’t call you until I get back.

Vocabulary – Quick Review 4

• Life events: get married, go to university, have children, learn to drive, leave home/school, pass exams, rent a flat, retire, start work.
• Future plans: apply for a course, choose a career, do an apprenticeship, do voluntary work, get a degree, get a part-time job, go on an exchange, study abroad, travel round the world, write your CV.
• Verb + preposition: agree with, apply for, benefit from, depend on, differ from, meet with, prepare for, rely on, specialise in, take part in, think about, worry about.

The Passive Voice

Structure: Subject + be + past participle.

• Example: Clothes are sold more often now.
• Example: This T-shirt was made in Asia.
• Future passive: will be + past participle.
• Example: Clothes will be thrown away.

Be Allowed To

• Example: We are not allowed to use mobile phones at school.

Make & Let

• Make: To force someone to do something.
  Example: They make me do my homework.
• Let: To allow someone to do something.
  Example: My parents let me stay up late.

Impersonal Phrases

It is said that… / It was thought that… / It is thought that…

Vocabulary – Quick Review 5

• The environment: give up plastic, recycle, reuse, reduce waste, save water.
• Protecting the planet: ban, build wind farms, deforestation, landfill, pollute, protect endangered species, renewable energy, solar power, throw away.
• Materials: aluminium, bamboo, brick, cardboard, concrete, denim, foam, iron, leather, nylon, plastic, rubber, steel, stone.