Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teacher training

Professional Email Writing: Business Scenarios

Scenario 1: Recruiting an IT Expert / Financial Advisor

Task: Your company needs to recruit an IT expert. Write an email to Sanford asking for their help. In your email:

• Give details of the post you need to fill.
• Provide your contact details.
• Suggest times for Sanford to call and discuss your requirements.
• Enquire about their fees.

Example Email: Recruitment Inquiry

Dear Sir or Madam,

We are a leading private financing enterprise that currently needs to recruit a new financial advisor. This will be an indefinite post with a salary of around £25,000 a year. I would be grateful if you could call me on +44 684 49682659 before 3 PM today, or you can send me an email at [email protected] so that we can discuss...

Essential English Vocabulary

• Enlist (alistarse), enrol (matricularse), matriculate (matricularse), mark (nota), note (apunte)
• Qualification (título), work (trabajar), employment (empleo), notice (percibir), realize (llegar a la conclusión)
• Wait (esperar), hope (confiar en que), expect (anticipar), desire (ansiar), look forward to (esperar con ansiedad)
• Wish (desearle algo a alguien), would like (me gustaría), promote (promocionar), enhance (mejorar)
• Foster (ayudar), encourage (dar ánimos), hear (oír), win (ganar una competición), earn (ganar un sueldo)
• Listen to (escuchar), see (ver), look at (mirar), watch (observar con atención), get (conseguir), obtain (obtener)
• Achieve (lograr), criticise (criticar), accuse somebody of something (acusar)

English Conditional Clauses

A. Conditional Clauses.

1) Zero Conditional: Suggestions and Facts

a) Suggestions: If + Present tense, Imperative = si + Presente de Indicativo, Imperativo.

Examples: If your back hurts, go to the doctor.

b) Facts: (They are not real conditional clauses): If / When / Unless + Present tense, Present tense / modal = si / cuando / a menos que + Presente de Indicativo, Presente de Indicativo.

Examples:

• If / When you get tired while driving, you must stop to rest.
• When you see a massive stampede of animals, a true disaster is coming.
• You can’t get into the underground unless you’ve got a ticket.

2) First Conditional: Possible Future Situations

a) If + Present Simple, Future Simple / can = si + Presente de Indicativo, Futuro...

Master these key English words, phrases, and idioms, complete with accurate Spanish translations and practical example sentences to enhance your fluency.

Common Phrases and Idioms

• Bored to death: (Muerto de aburrimiento). Example: "I was bored to death."
• Live show: (Actuación en directo). Example: "Tonight is OT's final live show."
• Waste of time: (Pérdida de tiempo). Example: "Colossal waste of time for researchers."
• Have a good time: (Pasar un buen rato). Example: "You seem to know how to have a good time."
• Keep going: (Continuar). Example: "I can't keep going like this."
• (Be) worth it: (Valer la pena). Example: "This trip might not be worth it."
• (Be) good for a laugh: (Bueno para echarse unas risas). Example: "That would be good for a laugh."
• Ahead

Differences and similarities between online and traditional education

How has education changed in recent years? At present, the world of information technology has improved educational practices. Online education has always been a via to take into account, however in traditional education you enjoy significantly creating emotional bonds. Traditional education and online education have similarities and differences, and also between traditional and online education there are more differences than similarities due to the following reasons.

Traditional education is different from online education because of the use of technology.

In my course of CIBERTEC, I can study and analyze at any time only having internet connection since the classes are virtual....

Robert F. Kennedy

Robert F. Kennedy was the younger brother of John F. Kennedy, who served as president from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. As Attorney General, Robert Kennedy was a strong supporter of the civil rights movement. In April 1968, while running his own campaign for president, he gave this eulogy on the evening of King's assassination. Just two months later, Robert Kennedy was himself killed by an assassin's bullet.

April 4, 1968

Present Simple

Affirmative

• I, You, We, They: work
• He, She, It: works

Negative

• I, You, We, They: do not / don't work
• He, She, It: does not / doesn't work

Interrogative

The "Do" or "Does" is placed before the pronoun.

Spelling Rules for Third Person Singular

• work + s = works
• watch + es = watches
• wash + es = washes
• pass + es = passes
• study + ies = studies
• play + s = plays
• say + s = says
• go + es = goes
• do + es = does

Have Got

• I, You, We, They: have
• He, She, It: has

Imperative

• Affirmative (+ infinitive):
  • Open the door
  • Sit down
  • Be quiet
• Negative (Don't + infinitive):
  • Don't open the door
  • Don't sit down
  • Don't be quiet

Suggestions

Let's + infinitive: Let's go to the cinema.

Possessive Adjectives

• I: My (mi)
• You: Your (tu)
• He: His (su, masculino)
• She: Her (su, femenino)
• It: Its (su, cosas/

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Vocabulary: Personality Adjectives

• Defensive - Defensiu
• Aggressive - Agressiu
• Assertive - Assertiu
• Confident – Confiat, segur de si mateix
• Frustrated - Frustrat
• Innocent - Innocent
• Nervous - Nerviós
• Open - Obert
• Sensitive - Sensible
• Shy - Tímid
• Self-conscious – Tímid, cohibit
• Self-aware - Conscient
• Able - Capaç
• Happy – Content, feliç
• Important - Important
• Modest - Modest
• Safe - Segur
• Generous – Generós
• Polite - Educat

Vocabulary: Related Nouns

• Defensiveness - Defensa
• Aggressiveness - Agressivitat (Correction: Aggressivity)
• Assertiveness - Assertivitat (Correction: Assertivity)
• Confidence - Confiança
• Frustration - Frustració
• Innocence - Innocència
• Nervousness - Nerviosisme
• Openness - Extroversió
• Sensitivity - Sensibilitat
• Shyness

What do the letters TPR stand for? Who invented TPR? How does the inventor see L1 and L2 learning? What are the characteristics?

Total physical response

By a professor of psychology, at San José State University, California. James Asher.

Asher sees first and second language learning as parallel processes.

Characteristics:

• TPR required initial attention to meaning rather than to form.
• Grammar is taught inductively.
• Directions are given by the teacher in the target language.
• A fix number of items are introduced at one time. According to Asher, It is possible for pupils to learn between 12-36 new items in one hour.
• Body movements are a powerful mediator for understanding organisation and storage or linguistic input.
• Although the imperative is the main

English Vocabulary and Grammar Reference

Relationships Vocabulary

• Acquaintance: Conegut
• (Best / Close) Friend: Friend
• Boss: Jefe
• Colleague: Col·lega
• Classmate: Company de classe
• Flatmate: Company de pis
• Neighbour: Veí
• Parent: Pares
• Step-sister / Step-brother: Germanastra
• Relative: Parent/Familiar
• (Ex-) Girlfriend: Ex-novia

Phrasal Verbs:

• Get together: Juntar-se
• Get on well: Portar-se bé
• Get in touch: Estar en contacte

Appearance and Personality Descriptors

Appearance

• Auburn: Castany (referring to hair color)
• Casual: Informal
• Clean-shaven: Ben afeitat
• Good-looking: Guapo
• Medium build: Estatura mitjana
• Medium height: Constitució mitjana
• Scruffy: Mal vestit
• Shoulder-length (hair): Cabells per l’espalla
• Skinny: Molt prim
• Slim: Prim
• Smart: Elegant
• Spiky (hair): Cabells