Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Sport and physical education for Secondary education

Physical Health and Fitness Vocabulary

• To work out (hacer ejercicio)
• To bulk up (aumentar musculatura)
• To stretch the legs (calentar)
• To warm up
• To shift some weight
• To slim down
• To shed pounds
• To get rid of one's spare tire
• To pull a muscle (dañar)
• To take up (hobby)
• Unfit
• Complexion
• Therapeutics
• Junk food
• Tablet
• Stamina
• Ripped (musculado)
• To get in shape
• Down in the dumps (depresivo)
• Overweight
• Illness
• Pill (pastilla pequeña)
• Put on weight (ganar peso)
• Tone up
• To be keen on (interesado)
• Speed
• Endurance
• Push-up (flexión)
• Jumping jacks
• Elbow crunches (rotación de codo)
• To wear off (dolor o sentimiento)
• Settle down (calma)
• Body fat (grasa corporal)
• Blood pressure
• Fatty food
• Overeating
• Squats
• Hip rotation

Mental Health Vocabulary

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Stress
• Therapist
• Self-esteem
• Mindfulness

Sports Equipment and Their Uses

• Tennis players hit the ball with a tennis racket.
• Cricketers hit the ball with a cricket bat.
• Pool players hit the ball with a pool cue.
• Hockey players hit the ball with a hockey stick.
• Golfers hit the ball with a golf club.
• Paddle players hit the ball with a paddle racket.
• Table tennis players hit the ball with a table tennis paddle.
• The instrument used to propel a canoe through the water is called a paddle.
• Baseball players hit the ball with a baseball bat.
• Badminton players hit the shuttlecock with a badminton racket.

Essential Sports Apparel and Gear

• Soccer players wear football boots when they play.
• American footballers wear shoulder pads when they play.
• Baseball players wear a baseball cap when they play.
• Scuba divers

Upper Body Muscles

Trapezius

• Origin: Occipital bone and thoracic spinous processes
• Insertion: Clavicle and scapula
• Action: Rotate scapula, elevate clavicle, extend neck

Triceps Brachii

• Origin: Superior and posterior humerus and scapula
• Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
• Action: Extension at elbow and shoulder, plus shoulder adduction

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

• Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
• Insertion: Second metacarpal bone
• Action: Extension and abduction at wrist

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• Insertion: Fifth metacarpal bone
• Action: Extension and adduction at wrist

Rotator Cuff and Back Muscles

Subscapularis

• Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
• Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
• Action: Medial rotation at shoulder

Supraspinatus

• Origin:

Asthma

1. Help the casualty use their inhaler.
2. Encourage slow breaths.
3. Call for emergency medical assistance.
4. Monitor the casualty for wheezing, difficulty speaking, and grey-blue skin color.

Angina

1. Sit the casualty down.
2. Administer the casualty's angina medication.
3. Ensure rest and keep bystanders away.
4. Advise the casualty to seek medical advice.
5. If pain persists, call for emergency medical assistance. Symptoms: Central chest pain easing with rest.

Approaching a Casualty

1. Assess the situation.
2. Assess the casualties.
3. Check responsiveness.
4. Open the airway.
5. Check breathing.

Anaphylactic Shock

1. Call for emergency medical assistance.
2. Help the casualty administer their medication.
3. Make the casualty comfortable.
4. Monitor for anxiety, swelling of hands, feet, and face, abdominal

Sports Violence: Contradicting the Olympic Ideal

According to the ideal envisioned by Coubertin, sport was meant to bring people peace, health, philosophy, and beauty. However, scenes of violence today often contradict this ideal. This sports violence involves voluntary acts causing physical damage or harm to individuals or property directly related to sporting events. A prominent example is football hooliganism, particularly noted in England. Furthermore, the media can indirectly and unintentionally influence or encourage violence through certain imagery. It's important to note that this violence isn't limited to high-level competition; it also occurs in leisure sports. As has been observed, "violence does not disappear with civilization; it

The Human Skeletal System: Framework and Functions

The skeleton is the framework of the body, made of bones. It serves five major functions:

• Provides shape and support.
• Enables movement.
• Protects internal organs.
• Produces blood cells.
• Stores certain materials until the body needs them.

The Backbone (Vertebral Column)

The vertebral column is the center of the skeleton; almost all bones are connected to it in some way. It has 26 vertebrae and is flexible, allowing the body to bend. Most bones are associated with muscles, which pull the bones to enable movement.

Bone Strength and Composition

Bones are stronger than concrete or granite rock, yet they are lighter. They are primarily made up of phosphorus and calcium.

Bone Growth and Vitality

Bones are alive;...

Basic Rules and Court Dimensions

Introduction: Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of six players on a rectangular pitch of 18x9m, surrounded by a free zone of at least 3m. The court is divided into two equal areas by a central line, above which is the net. The net has different heights: 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women. Players occupy zones VI, V, IV, III, II, and I, following a specific rotation sequence.

Game Play and Scoring System

Considerations: A player (except the blocker) cannot touch the ball two consecutive times. The ball remains in play until it touches the floor, walls, ceiling, or another object, or until a player fouls. A point is scored by the team regardless of who is serving; if the ball falls into the opponent's...

Physical Education and Foundational Skills

Physical Education (P.E.) served in antiquity for activities like hunting and war. These skills must be based on a series of fitness components: Strength, endurance, flexibility, and speed. In modern times, these components remain important, as deficiencies can lead to health problems and reduced performance. All abilities require physical support, formed by physical qualities, which are the basic foundation upon which any skill is built.

Defining Physical Fitness

Physical Fitness is the result of the intentional development of physical qualities (PQ). The degree of physical fitness is the weighted sum of these physical qualities and their realization through the individual's personality.

Levels of Physical

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Floats

Advantages include quickly gaining confidence and learning quickly. However, a drawback is that overuse can hinder the adjustment process when removing the floaters.

Types of Floating Positions and Techniques

Variables Related to Swimming Propulsion

Basic Propulsion Variables

Considerations for Jumps and