Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Sport and physical education for Baccalaureate

Understanding Physical Abilities

Aerobic Resistance

Aerobic resistance is an effort where the oxygen reaching the working muscles is sufficient to perform the exercise. This should be of moderate intensity, such as cycling.

Anaerobic Resistance

Anaerobic resistance occurs when muscles demand more oxygen, leading to increased blood flow. However, if the exercise is very intense, oxygen supply becomes insufficient, eventually leading to exhaustion. These efforts are performed with an oxygen deficit or total lack thereof, are very intense, and are of short duration.

Defining Strength

Strength is defined as the ability of our body to overcome or oppose resistance by using muscle tension caused by the concentration of muscle fibers.

• Maximum Strength

  The

Physical Activity and Training

Training is the set of practices aimed at regulating and improving performance over time.

Training Objectives

• Motivation
• Positive thinking

Sports Training

• Fitness training
• Technical and tactical training

Training Maintenance

Maintaining fitness or engaging in physical activity.

Fitness Training

Motor Skills

Allow individuals to perform movements with full efficiency.

Loading or Work

Training exercises are based on volume and intensity.

Recovery or Rest

There are two types: complete and incomplete, passive and active.

Fatigue

A state transition created in the body due to effort.

Performance

Act Selye

A stimulus in the body produces a stress reaction, generating a reaction that increases performance.

Schultz Law

Each person has an initial...

The Importance of Energy Balance

Proper nutrition and regular physical activity must be present and in balance in daily activities and everyday life. Its imbalance produces negative consequences for the organism. Obesity results from an input of energy through food that exceeds the energy expenditure through activity, stored as fat. Correct nutrition is based on a balanced diet. In a balanced diet, all types of nutrients must be present:

• Carbohydrates: Main energy providers.
• Proteins: Structural or hormonal functions, defense, etc.
• Fats or lipids: Energy input or storage in the body.
• Vitamins: Complex substances the body needs for the assimilation of nutrients.
• Minerals and water.

Understanding Energy Intake and Expenditure

Energy intake for the body...

Understanding Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disorder which causes a hardening and narrowing of the artery walls due to clusters of cholesterol, reducing or completely hindering the blood supply reaching the tissue that the artery serves. In the heart, this causes problems when it happens in the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in our body, but the most common are:

Commonly Affected Arteries

• Coronary arteries: These are the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Their involvement produces angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
• Carotid arteries: These are the main arteries carrying blood to the head. Their involvement can lead to the onset of stroke.
• Aorta artery: This is the largest artery in the body, and its

Human Body Systems and Movement

The Nervous System directs body functions by processing information and coordinating movement. The Locomotor System facilitates movement through the contraction of muscles acting on joints and bones. The Digestive, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems work together to convert food into energy and distribute oxygen throughout the body.

Foundations of Health

• Active Lifestyle: Regular physical activity improves overall well-being.
• Nutrition: Essential for maintaining good health.
• Rest: Necessary for the body to adapt and improve performance.
• Hygiene: An essential element for maintaining health.

Dietary Planning and Nutrition

A Dietary Plan requires understanding nutritional needs based on individual characteristics, calculating...

Motor Response

The locomotor apparatus is the system that carries out movement. It is composed of two elements: the skeleton (passive elements, bones) and the muscles (active elements).

Types of Skeletons

• Hydrostatic skeletons: fluid maintained under pressure, found in cnidarians and worms.
• Exoskeletons: made of chitin in arthropods, and shells in molluscs.
• Endoskeletons: found in sponges (spicules) and in vertebrates (bones).

Bone Tissue

Bones are formed by organic substances (ossein, which gives elasticity) and mineral substances (phosphate and calcium carbonate, which give resistance).

Classification of Bones

According to their shape, bones are classified as:

• Long bones: made of an epiphysis, a medullary cavity, a shaft, marrow, and a surrounding

**Habits and Destination Driving**

In driving, human nature plays a significant role. Most training focuses on developing qualities that contribute to a person's overall enrichment.

**Basic Sports Skills**

These skills are developed from an early age and contribute to a person's overall enrichment.

**Dominant Skills**

• Good physical condition and general coordination are essential.
• Examples include running and jumping.
• Basic movements: jumps, turns, balances.

**Non-Dominant Skills**

• A good level of coordination and precision is required.
• Examples include throwing and hitting a ball.
• Basic movements: launches, receptions, pipes, impact (with the body or another instrument), and transportation.

**Psychomotor Qualities**

These qualities involve fundamental...

First Aid and Medical Vocabulary: English-Catalan Glossary

Wounds, Injuries and First Aid Supplies

Bandage: vendatge

Foreign body: cos estrany

Vein: vena

Splint: objectes durs com la munyequera, el que es fica al dit quan te l'ha xafat

First aid kit: maletí simple de cures

Tissue: mocadors

Adhesive bandage: tirites

Roller gauze: gasa enrotllada amb pegament

Scissors: tisores

Pills: pastilles

Antiseptic: tipus Betadine

Syringe: xeringa amb agulla

Drug: medicament

Basic Life Support and Emergencies

Basic life support: RCP (suport vital bàsic)

Defibrillator: desfibril·lador DEA

Heartbeat: batecs

Pulse: pols

Tachycardia: taquicàrdia

Unconsciousness: inconscient

Fainting: desmai

Accident: accident

Asphyxiation: asfíxia

Breath out: sense aire

Injuries and Conditions

Internal

WHO REALLY DISCOVER AMERICA    1.Schoolchildren are often taught that Columbus discovered America.//2.Scholars originally theorized that Vinland was probably Newfoundland.//3.Scholars currently believe that Vinland was couldn't have been Newfoundland because he island is too far north for grapes to grow.//4.Pottery fragments found in Ecuador date from the year 3000 B.C.E.//5.The story of ST. Brendan may have caused Columbus to believe that there was a New World//6.St. Brendan and his companions could have gotten to America in a curragh//7.The ice crystals seen by Brendan and his companions may have been icebergs//8.Columbus didn't discover America, but he had a great deal to do with promoting Contact between the Old World and the New.

CONCERNED