Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Spanish for Vocational training

Essential English Vocabulary: Clothes and Accessories

• Cardigan: chaqueta fina
• Skirt: falda
• Boots: botas
• Coat: abrigo
• Suit: traje
• Flip-flops: chanclas
• Dress: vestido
• Sweater: jersey
• Sandals: sandalias
• Jacket: chaqueta
• Top: camiseta / top
• Shoes: zapatos
• Jeans: vaqueros
• Tracksuit: chándal
• Trainers: bambas / zapatillas
• Shirt: camisa
• Trousers: pantalones
• Belt: cinturón
• Shorts: pantalones cortos
• T-shirt: camiseta
• Cap: gorra
• Hat: gorro / sombrero
• Leggings: leggings
• Gloves: guantes
• Scarf: bufanda
• Socks: calcetines
• Tie: corbata
• Tights: medias
• Bracelet: pulsera
• Earrings: pendientes
• Necklace: collar
• Ring: anillo

Describing People and Actions

Physical Appearance

What do they look like? (Descripción física)

Example: She has curly, brown hair.

Clothing and Current Actions

What are they wearing?...

Executive Summary

Thank you for considering [Your Company] as your social media marketing partner. We are excited about the opportunity to enhance your online presence and achieve your marketing goals.

This proposal outlines our comprehensive social media marketing strategy tailored to your company's specific needs. It also includes project pricing details.

Current Situation

Our research indicates that [Company Name] can significantly improve its social media presence by implementing the following strategies:

• Consistent promotional campaigns
• Effective photo marketing and infographics
• Data-driven analytics to measure success

Proposed Solution

Our social media marketing strategy for [Company Name] will leverage current industry best practices, including:...

Past Simple:

Cuando ha terminado la acción en el pasado.
Con -ed los regulares. (No pondrá con how long)
Regulares:
+ I stayed with friends.
- I didn't stay in a hotel.
? Did you stay for the weekend?
Yes, I did. - No, I didn't.

Present Perfect:

I have finished my homework. Have/has + verbo -ed
She has cleaned the kitchen. Have/has + verbo en irregular ej: has done
He hasn't done the washing up.
Has she turned off her phone? No, she hasn't.
Es la experiencia. Algo que paso en el pasado y sigue aún (no ha terminado). No importa cuando ocurrió. ''How long...''

Present Perfect + for or since:

Casi siempre adverbio de tiempo.
-For: periodo de tiempo (2 weeks, 10 years, a long time...)
ej: I have had this car for three months.
-Since: Comienza un periodo...

English Vocabulary and Expressions

General Vocabulary

• Referee: Árbitro
• Overhead: Oír por casualidad
• Flee: Huir
• Buried: Enterrar
• Nodded: Asentir con la cabeza
• Cheered: Animar
• Grateful: Agradecido
• Self-centred: Egocéntrico
• Fake: Fingir

Common Expressions

• Nothing to do with: No tiene nada que ver
• Get to: Tener oportunidad
• Settled for: Conformarse
• Take a break: Hacer un descanso

Family and Relationships

• Sibling: Hermano/a
• Cousin: Primo/a
• Single: Soltero/a
• An only child: Hijo único
• Niece: Sobrina
• Nephew: Sobrino
• Widow: Viuda
• Relative: Pariente
• Great-grandfather: Bisabuelo
• Brother-in-law: Cuñado
• Spouse: Marido o mujer
• Engaged: Comprometido
• Pregnant: Embarazada
• Inherit: Heredar
• Jealous: Celoso
• Bond: Vínculo
• Raised: Criado

Phrasal Verbs: Relationships

• Turn into: Convertirse en
• Fight

**That's a Real Point in Favor of a Working Mother**

And this is very well-paid. My schedule is much more flexible than in some of the larger accounting firms.

**I'm a Public Employee and Work for the Board**

I'm in a department with eight others. Our job is to attract investment to the area. I love the teamwork.

**This is the Most Stimulating Work I've Ever Had**

In addition, my work is very secure. I'm happier in my job than most of the people I know.

**When I'm Not at Work, I Spend All My Time with My Children**

Allow me to say a few words about myself. I was born in the United States and now work on the West Coast.

**I Love to Go Back to My Hometown Whenever I Can**

I really miss my family. I grew up in the North of England, but my family moved

Comparatives and Superlatives

Comparative Forms

• 1-2 Syllables: Adjective + -er (e.g., is bigger than).
• 2-3 Syllables: More + Adjective (e.g., is more expensive than).

Superlative Forms

• 1-2 Syllables: The + Adjective + -est (e.g., the biggest).
• 2-3 Syllables: The most + Adjective (e.g., the most expensive).

Irregular Adjectives

• Good: Better / The best
• Bad: Worse / The worst
• Little: Less / The least
• Far: Further / The furthest
• Much: More / The most
• Old: Older / Oldest

Types of Comparison

1. Adjective + -er / more than
2. As + Adjective + as
3. Less + Adjective + than / Not as + Adjective + as

Time Expressions and Adverbs

• For (durante): Period of time with a beginning and an end.
• Since (desde): Specific moment in the past.
• Just (acabar de): Placed between verbs.
• Already (ya)

What is FMEA?

FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a methodology aimed at achieving Quality Assurance. Through systematic analysis, it contributes to the identification and prevention of failure modes for both products and processes/services. It is a tool that systematically investigates the potentially weak points of products, processes, and services, quantifying and evaluating their risk of failure.

Objectives of FMEA

• Customer satisfaction
• Introduce the philosophy of prevention to companies
• Analyze the effects and failures that may affect a product or process
• Stipulate the means and procedures for each failure mode, and assign a method of detection for each failure
• Adopt corrective and preventive actions

Types of FMEA

Design FMEA

The study of...

Thematic Analysis of Samuel Johnson's Rasselas

Chapter 1: Fancy, Reason, and the Narrator's Warning

This fragment corresponds to the chapter 1 of Rasselas. The narrator begins with an advisory note to the readers. This warning helps readers who are about to read the story of the Prince of Abyssinia to distinguish between veridic facts and imaginative speculation within the novel.

The use of words such as “fancy” and “phantoms of hope” indicates a life lived without the guidance of reason. When imagination is prioritized above all, reality is not questioned. The text emphasizes that there must be a crucial balance between reason and fantasy.

Comparison: Fancy in Rasselas and Dickens' Hard Times

The concept of Fancy relates thematically to...

Music Sales Trends Analysis 2011-2018

The line graph illustrates the percentage of total music sales by method between 2011 and 2018.

First, CDs purchased started very high at 60% in 2011, but they experienced a sharp fall and decreased to a fifth (20%) in 2018. On the other hand, downloads started at 30% and rose to a peak of 45% in 2014, but then they fell gradually. Second, streams started at nearly 0% in 2011 and increased sharply to around 45% in 2018. To sum up, music sales habits changed significantly. While streams became the most popular method by the end of the period, physical CDs and downloads decreased dramatically.

Graph Description Templates

The line graph illustrates [Título de la gráfica] between [Año inicio] and [Año fin]....

Application for Marketing Assistant Position

Subject: Application for Marketing Assistant Position - Sofia Patel

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to apply for the office clerk position at TechCorp Services. I discovered this opportunity and believe that my administrative training and strong organizational skills make me an excellent candidate for this role.

I have experience in document and file management, as well as handling telephone and email communications in office environments. I am skilled at keeping accurate records, responding to inquiries professionally, and supporting daily administrative operations. In addition, I work well in a team and quickly adapt to new procedures and tasks.

I am particularly motivated to join TechCorp Services...