Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Spanish for Other courses

Part 2: Personal Interests and Background

Are you interested in X?

My mother (or my father) used to like sports (or do the cooking), and I loved watching (or helping) her (or him). I also love traveling, reading, or cooking, and I am really into trying new activities related to this.

Part 3: Detailed Experiences and Preferences

What type of X do you like?

I really enjoy trying to follow my family member's steps. He (or she) is a really interesting person. For example, she really loves traveling and visiting new places, or she is really good at cooking and loves making new recipes. Recently, I have also been trying new sub-activities within that field.

Is this the first time...?

This is the first time I have been to... It has been something that I...

Group Booking Decision Scenarios

Exam Case Study: Request received 9 months in advance (September for December) for only 20 guests.

• Decision: Deny (Reject).
• Reasons:
  1. Lead Time: Nine months is too early for such a small group.
  2. Displacement: Blocking space prevents booking larger groups (e.g., 100 guests).
  3. Opportunity Cost: It is better to wait for higher-value business ("something better will arrive").

"Last Minute" Case Study: Request received 2 weeks in advance for 20 guests.

• Decision: Accept.
• Why? Distressed inventory is better than an empty room, and there is no time left to book other large groups.

Corporate vs Association Events

Here is the theory explained point by point:

Corporate Events (Company Events)

• The Client: There is only one client, which

Reported Speech Rules and Transformations

Affirmative Sentences

Structure: Sujeto + said that + sujeto + verbo pasado.

• Present simple (is) → Past simple (was)
• Present continuous (is doing) → Past continuous (was doing)
• Past simple (did) → Past perfect (had done)
• Present perfect (has done) → Past perfect (had done)
• Must leave → Had to leave
• Will go → Would go
• Can see → Could see
• May come → Might come

Negative Sentences

Structure: Sujeto + said that + sujeto + didn't / hadn't + verbo (tiempo).

"I didn’t see the trailer." → He said that he hadn’t seen the trailer.

Yes/No Questions

Structure: Sujeto + asked + if + sujeto + verbo (tiempo).

"Did you like the movie?" → She asked if I had liked the movie.

WH- Questions

Structure: Sujeto + asked...

UNIT 5 Extension

Vocabulario

Exercise: 2

1. Punctuality        4. Timing

2. Arrival        5. Promptness

3. Apologetic        6. Being

Exercise: 3

1. On time        6. Time is up        11. Deadline

2. Ages        7. Come up

3. Fed up        8. Call off

4. Gone off        9. Short notice

5. Sharp        10. In stages

Exercise: 4

1. Pull that off        4. Just right

2. Slip up sometimes

3. Due until tomorrow        5. Time of my life

Gramática

Exercise: 2

1. Should have brought        4. Must have rained

2. Had better not tell        5. Could/Help

3. Could have been        6. May not have seen

Exercise: 3

1. May have        4. Has not

2. Should        5.

1. Modal Verbs (Was, Were, Have, Can)

Affirmative Form

• I: was
• You: were
• He/She/It: was / had / could
• We: were
• You: were
• They: were

Negative Form

• I: wasn't
• You: weren't
• He/She/It: wasn't / hadn't / couldn't
• We: weren't
• You: weren't
• They: weren't

Interrogative Form

• Was I?
• Were you?
• Was he/she/it? (had / could)
• Were we?
• Were you?
• Were they?

2. Past Simple: Regular and Irregular

Affirmative: Verb + -ed

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They: Worked

Negative: Didn't

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They: Did not work

Questions: Did + Subject + Verb?

Did I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they work?

3. Irregular Verbs List

4.

1. THAT'S RIGHT: TIENES RAZÓN
2. SHE'S GOING TO BE: ELLA VA A CUMPLIR
3. YOU MEAN: QUIERES DECIR, TE REFIERES
4. LET'S SEND THEM FLOWERS: ENVIÉMOSLE FLORES
5. SAME: MISMO/A
6. TO BUY SOMETHING SPECIAL: COMPRAR ALGO ESPECIAL
7. TO GET A PRESENT: CONSEGUIR UN REGALO
8. TO HAVE A PARTY: TENER UNA FIESTA
9. ANYTHING SPECIAL: ALGO ESPECIAL
10. ALL OUR FRIENDS: TODOS NUESTROS AMIGOS
11. TO DO MUCH: HACER MUCHO
12. I'M GOING TO: VOY A
13. LET'S SEND: ENVIEMOS
14. TO BAKE: HORNEAR
15. HOW OLD: QUÉ EDAD
16. TO GIVE: DAR, ENTREGAR
17. SOMETHING NICE: ALGO AGRADABLE
18. NEXT BIRTHDAY: EL PRÓXIMO CUMPLEAÑOS
19. HOW MANY CARDS: CUÁNTAS TARJETAS
20. ARE YOU GOING TO...?: ¿VAS A...?
21. TO SPEND: GASTAR, DEDICAR
22. TO SEND ANYONE FLOWERS: ENVIAR FLORES A ALGUIEN
23. TO BUY ANYONE A GIFT: COMPRAR UN REGALO A ALGUIEN
24. TO BLOW OUT: SOPLAR
25. SOMEONE: ALGUIEN
26. EXCHANGE

Starting a Paragraph (Primer Párrafo)

At first sight

A primera vista

First

En primer lugar

First of all

Antes que nada

In the first place

En primer lugar

To start with

Para empezar

Sequencing Ideas (Second and Third Points)

In the second place

En segundo lugar

Second

Segundo

Secondly

En segundo lugar

Third

Tercero

Thirdly

En tercer lugar

Concluding and Finalizing Points

Finally

Por último

In conclusion

Para concluir

Lastly

Por último

And eventually

Y finalmente

Adding Information (Añadir Información)

Apart from

Aparte de

In addition

Además

In addition to

Además de

What’s more

Además; lo que es más

Moreover

Además

On top of that

Además

Besides

Además

On the one hand

Por una parte

On the other hand

Por otra parte

And eventually

Y finalmente

Establishing Contrast (Establecer un Contraste)

Verb To Be

Positive Statements and Questions

Possessive Adjectives and Articles

• Possessive Adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
• Example: "What's your name?" or "This is our house."
• Articles (A/An): Use a before consonants and an before vowels.
• Examples: A ticket, a newspaper, an apple, an English dictionary.

Questions and Negatives

Question Words

• What: What is his job? / What is her address?
• Where: Where are you from?
• Who: Who is she? / Who is he?
• How: How old are you? / How much is an ice cream?

Yes/No Questions and Negatives

• Yes/No: Is she young? Are they married?
• Negative: I'm not. He/She/It isn't. We/You/They aren't.

Possessive 's

Used to show ownership: My wife'...

Environmental Vocabulary

• BAN: prohibir
• BRING BACK TO LIFE: devolver a la vida
• CAUSE: causar
• DESTRUCTION: destrucción
• DRILLING: extracción/explotación
• EXPOSE: exponer
• FOSSIL FUEL: combustible fósil
• GLOBAL WARMING: calentamiento global
• LANDSCAPE: paisaje
• OIL SPILL: fuga de petróleo
• RAISE MONEY: recaudar dinero
• RENEWABLE ENERGY: energía renovable
• RESTORE: restaurar
• SOURCE: origen/fuente
• TAKE ACTION: tomar medidas
• THREAT: amenaza
• WILDLIFE: flora/fauna

Grammar Vocabulary

• ACCOMPLISHMENT: logro
• DECLINE: disminución
• DEVELOPMENT: avance
• FREEDOM: libertad
• GOVERNMENT: gobernar
• KNOWLEDGE: conocimientos
• LAST: durar
• LEAD TO: llevar a
• LONG BEFORE: mucho antes de
• MAJOR: muy importante
• PLAY A ROLE: desempeñar un papel
• TAKE CONTROL: hacerse con el control
• TAKE PLACE: tener lugar
• TRADE:

    Don't let me down

Crashing, hit a wall
Right now I need a miracle
Hurry up now, I need a miracle
Stranded, reaching out
I call your name but you're not around
I say your name but you're not around

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
I think I'm losing my mind now
It's in my head, darling I hope
That you'll be here when I need you the most
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
Don't let me down

Don't let me down
Don't let me down, down, down
Don't let me down, don't let me down, down, down

Running out of time
I really thought you were on my side
But now there's nobody by my side

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let...