Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Philosophy and ethics for Vocational training

Teacher Requirements and Legislation

Requirements: Baptism is required. Legislation: A degree equal to or equivalent to that of other teachers is required, with a study of theology and teaching of the Catholic religion appropriate to the stage where they will teach the classes (the DECA, which consists of 180 teaching hours for primary education).

• It also requires knowledge of the subject, identification with what is taught, and being attuned to the Church that sends them.
• A life lived according to what is taught.

The Second Additional Provision of the LOE

This is basically the same as that of the LOGSE. It is important to distinguish:

• Teaching of the Catholic faith and other religions: Education in the teaching of religion is not dependent on the

Definition and Nature of Science

Science is a systematic set of propositions and a logical sequence that has been sufficiently verified.

Classification of Scientific Disciplines

The sciences are classified in many ways: human sciences as opposed to theological science, and the science of ideas as opposed to facts. Also, sciences can be classified according to what they study (the subject) or pursuant to the end with which they study it.

Theoretical vs. Practical Sciences

From the point of view of the purpose, theoretical sciences are directed toward knowledge, and practical sciences direct knowledge toward action.

Formal, Natural, and Social Sciences

In light of its object, the categories include:

• Formal Science and Logic: These are mathematics. They

Understanding the Employment Contract

The contract is an agreement between the employer and the employee whereby the employee voluntarily undertakes to provide these services and submit to the power of organization and direction of the employer, in return for remuneration. It must be signed by the employee (or their representative if they are a minor) and the employer or the legal representative of the company.

Legal Requirements for Signing a Contract

To be hardworking and able to sign an employment contract, individuals must be natural persons and meet one of the following requirements:

• Be an adult.
• Be 16 or 17 years old and have authorization from a parent.
• Be emancipated. There are three cases that entitle emancipation:
  1. Legal authorization.
  2. Authorization

Theoretical and Practical Reason

In a general sense, Immanuel Kant distinguished between theoretical principles and practice. While there are two different uses, they stem from the same singular reason. When principles refer to the reality of things, we are dealing with theoretical reason, which generates theoretical judgments. When principles are aimed at the conduct of human beings, reason has a practical use, which generates imperatives or mandates.

The Human Being as an End in Itself

Kant asserts that human beings are ends, not means. In one of his three formulations of the Categorical Imperative, he states that we must treat ourselves and others as ends in themselves, rather than as tools to achieve a specific goal.

Fundamentals of A Priori

Essential Vocabulary List

• Ebb: To diminish.
• Ecclesiastical: Having to do with the church.
• Eclipse: To block the light of.
• Ecosystem: A community of organisms.
• Edict: An official decree.
• Edifice: A big, imposing building.
• Effectual: Effective.
• Efficacy: Effectiveness.
• Effigy: A likeness of a person.
• Elation: A feeling of great joy.
• Electorate: The voters.
• Elegy: A mournful poem or music.
• Elite: The best selected group.
• Elocution: The art of public speaking.
• Emaciate: To make extremely thin through starvation or illness.
• Emanate: To come forth.
• Emancipate: To liberate.
• Embargo: A government suspending foreign trade.
• Embellish: To adorn.
• Embody: To personify.
• Embroil: To involve in conflict.
• Embryonic: Undeveloped.
• Emissary: A messenger sent to represent another.
• Empathy:

Employment Contract Amendments

Amendment: Alteration of the services or conditions agreed in the contract.

Amendments can be:

• Functional
• Geographical
• Substantive

Functional Mobility

Functional: The worker assumes roles different from those originally agreed upon.

Geographical Changes

Geographic: Occurs when changing the workplace requires the employee to change residence.

Temporary Deployment

Temporary change of workplace and residence.

• Period: Up to 12 months within 3 years.
• If longer than 3 months, five days' advance notice is required.

Definitive Move

Permanent or long-term change of a workplace and residence.

• Period: Up to 12 months within 3 years.

Substantial Changes

Substantive: Relates to the basic elements of the employment contract.

Substantial changes

Understanding Argumentative Texts

We understand argumentative reasoning as a process where a sender attempts to convince, prove, or demonstrate something to a receiver. Therefore, an argumentative text is woven with arguments. These texts are intended to convince, persuade, and make a recipient believe a specific point of view. They can be used to challenge existing ideas or reinforce them. In these texts, the appellative function of language is predominant. The overall structure typically presents an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

Common Examples of Argumentative Texts

Examples of argumentative texts are found in every field, including at least:

• Newspaper editorials
• Letters to the editor
• Opinion articles
• General criticism and essays
• Political

Plato's Theory of Reminiscence: Anamnesis

The theory of reminiscence or anamnesis is a Platonic conception according to which knowledge is recalled. Plato advocates an anthropological dualism, i.e., that the individual is composed of a body and a soul. The body is material, corruptible, mortal, and is part of the world of sensible objects. The soul is the immaterial part of the human being; it is immortal and is attached to the body accidentally.

The Soul and the World of Ideas

The theory of reminiscence defends the argument that the soul lives without the body in the World of Ideas. While there, it collects different ideas and their relationships. Once the soul is embodied, it forgets that knowledge; however, thanks to the intervention of a teacher,...

The Origins of Scientific Inquiry and Knowledge

The scientific attitude begins by questioning the phenomena of reality, seeking to understand their underlying causes. From these probable causes, descriptions are formulated.

The source of this attitude can be traced back to figures like Galileo, often considered the father of modern science. This pursuit of knowledge translates to episteme, a concept contrasted with doxa (common opinion).

Plato considered episteme to be the highest form of knowledge, while doxa was mere opinion about contingent things. Aristotle, on the other hand, conceived of knowledge as an integration of sensory experience and mental abstraction. Crucially, knowledge requires language for its expression and development.

Therefore,...

The Essence and Practice of Philosophy

Philosophy is the act of giving meaning to everything, thinking, understanding, and explaining what was previously misunderstood. It represents the ability to decide for oneself. There is also a practical dimension: a philosopher who possesses knowledge but does not put it into practice is not truly a philosopher.

Defining the Love of Wisdom

Philosophy is driven by an ardent desire and search for truth. The term originates from Sophia, meaning the "love of wisdom."

• Philosophy of life: The specific way you perceive and think about things.
• Taking things with philosophy: The practice of thinking things through thoroughly before acting.
• Philosophers: Those who seek to love wisdom for the sheer breadth of knowledge.