Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Medicine and health sciences for Secondary education

Zerbino

• Blinded by the snow
• Doctor of the group
• Auxiliary to the Strauches
• Was kind to some, but also bullied others
• Took it upon himself to be the detective of the group
• Very pessimistic
• Very easy to tease

Inciarte

• Boils
• Goes outside to get coca cola
• Would comfort others when sad
• Very likable despite being a bit of a parasite

E. Strauch

• Opposed to eating meat
• Part of the triumvirate
• "The German"

Parrado

• Most determined to be expeditionary and get out
• Is expeditionary and succeeds in the final expedition
• Never takes advantage of others in the name of his class
• Can't stand Roy Harley

Fito Strauch

• Part of the triumvirate
• In favor of eating meat

Paez

• Fails the trial expedition; goes from a sissy lazy parasite to a hardworking respected member of the group
• Very gruff despite

Miley's Distinctive Traits

Physical Characteristics

Miley is of normal height, neither very tall nor very short, though she sometimes uses heels to add a few centimeters. She has a thin physique and cares deeply about her body, embracing it confidently and having no reservations about showcasing it. Her skin is clear and delicate, yet she loves spending hours tanning.

Hair Style & Care

Her hair is long and wavy, a vibrant blonde that she occasionally dyes or straightens, though she prefers its natural curls. It's bright and lustrous, clearly well-cared for.

Striking Facial Features

A characteristic feature is her clear, unusually colored eyes, perfectly sized and often accentuated with makeup. Her nose is not very broad; while not unattractive,...

Protein as an Energy Source

Caloric Yield: Pound for pound, protein contains as much potential energy as a carbohydrate! (Actually, even a bit more: 4.3 vs. 4.1 kcal/g). Then why don’t we consume proteins for energy? Unlike carbohydrates and fats, the body has no protein reserves. All of the proteins in the body are part of pre-existing body tissue, such as skeletal muscle and organs. Proteins are composed of long chains of repeating subunits called amino acids.

Amino Acid Classification

Twenty different amino acids exist, and they are used in combination to create a variety of body tissues. These are categorized as follows:

• 9 Essential Amino Acids: These cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet.
• 11 Non-Essential

Essential English Vocabulary: Definitions and Usage

Emotional and Mental States

• Apprehensive: Zabrinut (Worried).
• Baffled: Zbunit nekog da ne kuzi i nemre objasnit (Perplexed).
• Bewildered: Confused/uncertain.
• Circumspect: Unwilling to take risks.
• Disenchanted: Razočaran u nešto si se divio (Disappointed in something you admired).
• Distraught: Extremely nervous/worried.
• Elated/Thrilled: Extremely happy.
• Evocative: Makes you remember something pleasant.
• Overwhelmed: Full of emotions.
• Perplexed: Feeling confused or worried by something difficult to understand.
• Reluctant: Unwilling to do something.
• Repentant/Remorseful: Feeling sorry for something you've done.
• Tense/Nervous/Worried.
• Uneasy: Uncomfortable about something.
• Unnerved: Feeling less confident.
• Withdrawn:

Understanding Alcohol and Drugs

What Are Drugs?

The World Health Organization defines drugs as any substance which, when introduced into the organism, may modify one or more of its features. These substances are capable of generating dependence, leading to behavioral changes and other responses that encourage taking the substance or substances in a sustained manner.

Classification and Effects of Drugs

1. Legal Drugs

Legal drugs are those that are permitted by the government. Due to their full availability and high social acceptance, they are what cause most diseases, some of which result in great economic and social costs. They include:

• Tobacco (Snuff): Obtained from a plant called Nicotiana tabacum.
• Xanthines: Both are stimulants of the Central Nervous

Understanding Pronouns: Function and Classification

Pronouns are non-descriptive words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, often carrying occasional significance. They are typically categorized into two main groups based on their function.

Group 1: Reference Pronouns (Personal, Possessive, Demonstrative)

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to the persons involved in communication: the transmitter (1st person), the receptor (2nd person), and the world referred to by both (3rd person).

These pronouns change form based on their syntactic function:

• 1st Person (Speaker):
  • Subject: I, We
  • Object: Me, Us
  • Term/Circumstantial Function: Me, Us
• 2nd Person (Listener):
  • Subject: You
  • Object: You
  • Term/Syntactic Function: You
• 3rd Person (Referenced):
  • Subject: He,

Respiratory Conditions: Key Summaries

Bronchial Asthma

Reversible airway hyperresponsiveness.

Atopic Triad

• Asthma
• Rhinitis
• Dermatitis

Mechanism: IgE mediated, involving eosinophils (leading to bronchospasm, mucus, and edema).

Chronic Changes: Fibrosis and smooth muscle hypertrophy.

Clinical Presentation

• Wheeze
• Dyspnea
• Cough
• Chest tightness

Diagnosis

• FEV1 < 80%
• FEV1/FVC < 80%
• Reversibility test > 12%

Acute Severe Features

Arrhythmia, cyanosis, hypoxia, silent chest.

Treatment

1. SABA (Salbutamol)
2. Low ICS (Fluticasone)
3. ICS + LABA (Formoterol)

Acute Management

Oxygen, nebulized SABA, Ipratropium, systemic corticosteroids, IV magnesium sulfate. Mechanical ventilation if severe.

Pneumonias (12-16)

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Pathogens

Streptococcus pneumoniae,...

Key Characteristics of a Healthy Diet

A healthy diet is fundamental for well-being. Here are its essential characteristics:

• Variety in Food Choices

  It must be varied, including foods from all groups of the food wheel according to their recommended proportions.

• Balanced Nutrient Intake

  You need to ingest just what your body requires, avoiding excess or deficiency.

• Optimal Energy Distribution from Macronutrients

  The energy distribution from macronutrients should ideally be:

  • 55%-60% from Carbohydrates
  • 25%-30% from Lipids (Fats)
  • 10%-15% from Proteins

• Healthy Fat Sources

  Fats should come mostly from plant sources (excluding palm and coconut oil).

• Adequate Fiber Intake

  It must include fiber. Benefits: Fiber helps regulate bowel movements and limits the amount