Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Medicine and health sciences for Secondary education

Urological Symptom Assessment

• Macrohematuria: Cancer
• Fever: Infection (Prostatitis/Obstructive Pyelonephritis)
• CANT: Acute Urinary Retention (ARU)
• NO: Trauma
• Decreased Flow: BPH/Prostate Cancer

Stone Diagnostics

• UA
• 24-Hour Urine (Cr, Ca)
• Biochemistry (BUN, Cr)
• CT Scan

Differential Diagnoses

• Acute Prostatitis / Acute Pyelonephritis (Sinistra)
• Carcinoma Vesicae Urinariae / Hyperplasia Glandulae Prostatae

Medication: Combodart

• Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist: Tamsulosin 0.4mg/day
• 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor: Finasteride 5mg/day

Laboratory Reference Ranges

Prefixes and Word Families

• Prefixes: Inter- (between), pre- (before), tri- (three), dis- (not), im- (not), hyper- (more than usual), over- (more than usual), re- (again).
• Word Families:
  • Educate, education, educative
  • Terrify, terrified, terrifying
  • Strengthen, strength, strong
  • Criticise, critic, critical
  • Endangered, danger, dangerous
• Word Transformations: Blood/bled, cheat/to cheat, dry/dryness, experience/to experience, frozen/to freeze, hot/heat, just/justification, length/lengthen, low/lower, memory/memorize, modern/modernize, separate/to separate, sure/ensure, threat/en-threat.
• Phrasal Verbs (Off): Delayed (put off), move away (back off), cancelled (call off), shouted at (told off), say goodbye (see off), exploded (gone off), disappeared (went off)

Dictionary and Language Basics

• Important Idiomatic Expressions: Used for pronunciation and identifying parts of speech.
• Phrasal Verbs: Some verbs change meaning when they are combined with specific particles.
• What is a Synonym? A word that has the same meaning as the entry.
• What is Phonemic Script? Used to pronounce a word, written between two diagonal lines.
• Where are Abbreviations? Found at the beginning of the dictionary.
• How to Find a Word? Use alphabetical order; words usually appear in bold.

American vs. British English

• Apartment / Flat
• Subway / Underground
• Pants / Trousers
• Sidewalk / Pavement
• Diaper / Nappy
• First floor / Ground floor (1st floor)
• Elevator / Lift
• Mail / Post
• Cookies / Biscuits (galletas)
• Fries / Chips (papas)
• Parking lot / Car park
• Trunk

STI Facts: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes, HPV, HIV

True / False Statements About Common STIs

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection. True.

Chlamydia always has symptoms. False.

Chlamydia can lead to infertility. True.

There is a cure for Chlamydia. True.

Chlamydia is not common in the United States. False.

Chlamydia can lead to ectopic pregnancy. True.

Chlamydia does not cause PID (pelvic inflammatory disease). False.

Chlamydia cannot be transferred through oral or anal sex. False.

Gonorrhea is caused by a virus. False.

Gonorrhea can infect the throat, rectum, genitals, and eyes. True.

Most men experience symptoms of Gonorrhea. False.

There is no cure for Gonorrhea. False.

Without treatment, symptoms of Gonorrhea disappear on their own. True.

Newborn babies can

English–Spanish Vocabulary and Phrasal Expressions

Short word pairs and translations

• Emerald: Esmeralda
• Hearse: carroza
• Tart: ácido
• Bare: desnudo
• Bore: perforar
• Core: núcleo
• Torn: romper / rasgado
• Tout: promocionar / recomendar
• Bout: combate
• Bolt: salir corriendo
• Pelt: piel de animal
• Peat: turba
• Beat: superar / vencer
• Brat: niño mimado
• Brag: alardear
• Crag: pico de la montaña
• Cram: memorizar rápidamente / empollar
• Pram: coche de bebé
• Prim: mojigato / pulcro
• Grim: enojado / severo
• Grin: sonrisa
• Gain: adquirir / obtener

Common idioms and collocations

• Make short work of it: Deal with something very quickly.
• Have your work cut out: To have difficulties in doing something.
• Work my fingers to the bone: Work very hard.
• Work yourself into a frenzy: To get extremely upset

The Challenge of the Century

Once upon a time, there was a hare who, boasting how he could run faster than anyone else, was forever teasing the tortoise for its slowness. Then one day, the irate tortoise answered back: “Who do you think you are? There’s no denying you’re swift, but even you can be beaten!”

The hare squealed with laughter. “Beaten in a race? By whom? Not you, surely! I bet there’s nobody in the world that can win against me, I’m so speedy. Now, why don’t you try?”

The Race Begins at Dawn

Annoyed by such bragging, the tortoise accepted the challenge. A course was planned, and the next day at dawn, they stood at the starting line. The hare yawned sleepily as the meek tortoise trudged slowly off. When the hare saw...

Pioneers of Ancient Anatomy

Alcmaeon was the first to perform a systematic dissection. Although he thought intelligence was in the heart, he eventually helped people understand it was located in the head.

Empedocles believed the heart distributed life-giving heat to the body and held the idea that pneuma flowed through the veins.

Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, emphasized the importance of the relationship between the patient, the doctor, and the disease, as well as the concept of "crisis" (the point where a patient lives or dies). He utilized the Hippocratic bench, which used tension to aid in setting bones, and established the Hippocratic Oath, which prohibited providing medicine to pregnant women if it could induce an abortion.

Aristotle...

What is Pulicosis?

Definition: Pulicosis refers to injuries caused by the bite of fleas. They are characterized by erythematous papules with a central petechial point.

Morphology and Characteristics of Fleas

• Fleas measure about 0.5 to 4 mm long.
• Their body, heavily sclerotized with chitin, is found in various shades of brown.
• They are narrow and flattened transversely.
• They lack wings.
• The third pair of legs is very developed and adapted for jumping.

Fleas do not have a marked specificity for their hosts, although they have very marked preferences for some. This is why their common names (rat flea, human flea, etc.) relate only to the preferred host but are not exclusive.

Diseases Transmitted by Fleas

Bubonic Plague

The Bubonic plague is a disease of...

Article 166: Employer Safety Obligations

Article 166

The employer undertakes to provide the measures of occupational safety and health at the workplaces in such a way as to ensure prevention from work hazards. These hazards include:

• Mechanical hazards: These can arise as a result of a collision or contact between the worker’s body and a solid object, such as construction, building, and excavation hazards, collapse and fall hazards, and hazards arising from devices, machines, and transportation and handling means.
• Chemical hazards: Risks arising from handling solid, liquid, or gas chemical substances that can arise from the leakage of any substances into the working environment.
• Natural hazards: Factors affecting the worker’s safety and health