Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Medicine and health sciences for Baccalaureate

Understanding Health

Health is defined not merely as the absence of disease, but as a state of complete physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, sexual, and environmental well-being.

Diseases and Medical Specialties

Parasitology

• Cholera
• Influenza
• AIDS
• Poisoning
• Tuberculosis

Focus: Infectious and parasitic diseases.

Oncology

• Cancers
• Emphysema
• Benign and Malignant Tumors

Focus: Cancers and tumors.

Hematology

• Anemia
• Autoimmune Coagulopathies

Focus: Blood and immunological disorders.

Endocrinology

• Diabetes
• Thyroid Disorders
• Kidney Diseases
• Obesity

Focus: Nutritional and metabolic diseases.

Psychology

• Schizophrenia
• Depression
• Down Syndrome
• Trauma

Focus: Mental health disorders.

Neurology

• Alzheimer's Disease
• Meningitis
• Neuropathy

Focus: Nervous system disorders.

Otorhinolaryngology

• Retinopathy
• Otitis
• Conjunctivitis
• Blindness

Focus:

New Medicine: Stem Cells, Gene Therapy & Reproduction

Stem cells: (cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, autoimmune diseases)

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy: (• hereditary diseases: cystic fibrosis and familial hypercholesterolemia; • acquired diseases: e.g., autoimmune diseases, AIDS, cancer — implantation of normal copies of tumor suppressor genes such as p53; blocking the expression of oncogenes; genes that increase sensitivity to anticancer drugs; gene-induced cell suicide or apoptosis; gene insertion to enhance the defensive action of leukocytes)

Assisted Reproduction

Assisted reproduction:

• Artificial insemination: deposit of semen in the woman's uterus after using substances to stimulate the ovary.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Essential English Vocabulary and Phrasal Verbs

Look back on

Recordar

Look down on

Menospreciar

Stand up for

Defender

Go through

Pasar por

Miss out on

Perderse algo

Keep up with

Mantener el ritmo

Come up against

Enfrentarse a algo

Get on with

Ponerse a ello

To keep a close watch on

Vigilar de cerca

It turns out that

Resulta que

A common sight

Muy habitual

On a leash

Con correa

To make way for

Hacer espacio

Be scrap

Sobrar

To fight for scraps

Luchar por las sobras

To perch on

Posarse en

Turning point

Un cambio decisivo

To seek ways to improve

Buscar maneras para mejorar

To overcome

Superar

To achieve

Alcanzar

Adjectives for Describing Change and Quality

• Remarkable: Notable
• Dramatic: Importante
• Far-reaching: De gran alcance
• Refreshing: Fresco
• Subtle: Sutil
• Appealing: Atractivo
• Affordable: Económico
• Effortless:

Nursing Job Application for [Company Name]

Subject: Application for Nursing Position at [Company Name]

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to express my enthusiasm for the nursing position at [Company Name] and to address the questions you've posed regarding my candidacy.

Why Do You Want to Work for Us?

I am drawn to [Company Name] because of its reputation for excellence in patient care and commitment to fostering a supportive work environment. Your dedication to innovation and professional development aligns perfectly with my own values and career aspirations. I am eager to contribute to a team that prioritizes both patient well-being and employee growth.

Why Did You Leave Your Last Position?

I recently left my previous position to seek new opportunities...

Understanding Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

Aesthetic plastic surgery typically treats healthy patients with the goal of correcting deviations from the aesthetic norm. The primary objective is to achieve greater facial and body harmony or to address the physical sequelae caused by aging. These improvements often positively impact emotional stability and enhance quality of life, including professional and personal relationships.

While the motivation to undergo cosmetic surgery is deeply personal, external factors play a significant role. Modern society often emphasizes youth, where a dynamic physical appearance is frequently perceived as essential for professional competitiveness and social success.

The Advantages of Cosmetic Procedures

• Improved Sexual

Barlow and Ourand

Common Features Showed

Factors that May Help Develop This

Possible Ways Patients May Not Adhere Properly

Why Patients May Not Adhere