Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for History for Primary education

Primo de Rivera

In 1923 another pronunciamiento took place: General Miguel Primo de Rivera came to power with the consent of the king. Public disorder was rampant, and the system wasn't working. Primo de Rivera had been in Catalonia as Captain General. They thought he could bring calm and peace.

Primo de Rivera wanted to regenerate the system and later he would give the power back again. It did not work. He stayed for longer than promised and became unpopular. He tried to start a political party, the Unión Patriótica.

His dictatorship can be divided into two periods: Military Directory (1923-1925) and Civil Directory (1925-1930). He had great success at the beginning. Along with the French, the Spanish Army defeated the Moroccan rebel Abd-el-...

Disarmament Failure in the 1930s

Germany was forced to disarm after World War I, while other nations had not done the same. Countries were spending more on armaments than before.

The 1932 Disarmament Conference

In 1932, the disarmament conference produced resolutions to:

• Prohibit bombing of civilian populations.
• Limit the size of artillery.
• Limit the tonnage of tanks.
• Prohibit chemical warfare.

Germany, having been a member of the League for six years, argued they should be treated more equally than under the Treaty of Versailles. The central question was: Should everyone disarm, or should the Germans be allowed to rearm?

The conference failed to agree on the principle of equality. Britain later sent a note agreeing to equality, and an agreement was...

The original thirteen colonies were divided into three distinct regions: the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. Each region possessed unique characteristics in terms of their founding principles, challenges faced, religious practices, and economic systems. These differences stemmed from various factors, including interactions with Native American tribes, climate variations, and the motivations behind their establishment. Despite their disparities, all thirteen colonies shared a common thread as English settlements under the rule of the British monarchy.

The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies were renowned for their diversified economy, encompassing fishing, farming, and shipbuilding industries. They...

The American Revolution (1775-1783)

Origins of the War

The American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, was fought between Great Britain and the thirteen American colonies, which ultimately founded the United States of America. The war stemmed from the resistance of many Americans to taxes imposed by the British Parliament, which they deemed illegal.

The Boston Tea Party

A pivotal event in the escalating tensions was the Boston Tea Party, a political protest that took place in Boston on December 16, 1773. Rebels disguised as American Indians boarded ships carrying tea and destroyed an entire shipment sent in defiance of the Tea Act of 1773. They threw the tea into Boston Harbor, ruining it. The British government...

Postcolonial Writers and Themes

African Writers

• Buchi Emecheta - The Joys of Motherhood (Lagos, Nigeria)
• Wole Soyinka - Telephone Conversation / The Lion and... (Nigeria)
• Niyi Osundare - Not My Business (Nigeria)
• Gabriel Okara - Once Upon a Time / Spirit of the Wind (Nigeria)
• Nadine Gordimer - WSA - The Train of Rhodesia (South Africa)

Caribbean Writers

• Jamaica Kincaid - A Small Place (Antigua)
• Dolores Prida - Coser y Cantar (Cuba)
• V.S. Naipaul - "The Mystic Masseur" / "The Suffrage of Elvira" (Trinidad and Tobago)
• Derek Walcott - "Dream on Monkey Mountain" (Saint Lucia)

Indian Writers

• Salman Rushdie
• Bharati Mukherjee - The Management of Grief
• Arundhati Subramaniam - The Welsh Critic Who Doesn't Find Me Identifiably Indian
• Rabindranath Tagore

Other Writers

• Alice

Black Power

Black Power is a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for people of African descent. It is used primarily, but not exclusively, by African Americans in the United States. The Black Power movement was prominent in the late 1960s and early 1970s

Intersectionality

a way of understanding and analysing the complexity in the world, in people, and in human experiences.

Garveyite

Supporter of Marcus Garvey and a 20th century racial and political doctrine advocating black separation and the formation of self-governing black nations in Africa.

Incomprehensibility

We live, move, and have our being on a finite plane, but God lives, moves, and has His being in infinity. Our finite understanding...

1)  circulation elements include the following:

d) all of the above ***

2)  The krak des chevalier castle was built by what Order of knights

       a)Hospitaller knights

3)Where did the crusader castles store their Water?  

      a)An Aqueduct

4)Which monastic church was a unique example of Romanesque Architecture?

    a) Cluny In Italy(france). ********** or St Peter’s Basilica  in Rome or Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano in rome

5)Name The monumental sculpture of a recumbent lion with the pharaoh. It is placed at The foot of the great pyramids at gizah.  

     b)The Sphinx

6)A hypostyle hall in the great temple at karnak Contains many columns with the following average diameter:

      a)12 foot diameter

7)A hypostyle hall

3. TOTALITARIAN REGIMES: FASCISM AND NAZISM
The interwar period saw the rise of totalitarian regimes in several states, fueled by economic, ideological, and political crises.

Characteristics of Totalitarianism

Totalitarian regimes share several key characteristics:

• Authoritarian Regime:
  • Charismatic leader with unlimited power, often seen as infallible. Examples include Adolf Hitler (Führer) and Benito Mussolini (Il Duce).
  • Lack of freedom or political plurality, with a single political party dominating.
  • Opposition suppressed through repression and violence, often by paramilitary forces or political police.
• Economic and Social Control:
  • The state controls the economy, often with anti-capitalist and anti-communist policies.
  • Society is manipulated through

Social Decline & PSOE's Waning Power

A general strike called by CCOO and UGT in 1988 marked the beginning of the end for the socialist era nationwide. The protest on December 14, 1988, against the government, initiated a capitalist turn, fueling tensions and internal divisions within the PSOE. On the horizon, a feeble opposition existed but with a renewed spirit: the People's Party (PP) emerged, revitalized under a new protagonist, José María Aznar. Initially undervalued, Aznar gradually matured, implementing an effective policy. The PSOE became more fragmented, with the emergence of factions like the 'Guerristas'. There were talks of widespread corruption, casting doubt on the honesty of the President of the Government. As a consequence,...