Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Geology for Baccalaureate

Nutrición y Alimentación

Alimentación: es el proceso nutritivo externo a través del cual se introducen en el cuerpo los alimentos que ingiere el organismo.

Nutrición: es el conjunto de procesos mediante los cuales el organismo recibe, utiliza, transforma y asimila los nutrientes contenidos en los alimentos.

Nutrientes Principales

Glúcidos

Glúcidos: son la fuente básica de energía para todo organismo, desde los seres de menor tamaño hasta los más grandes. Se dividen en azúcares simples, como la glucosa y la sacarosa, y en azúcares complejos, como la fibra, el almidón y los polisacáridos, que son los más abundantes en los alimentos.

Proteínas

Proteínas: son sustancias que cumplen múltiples funciones en el organismo: estructural (forman,...

Author: Galileo Galilei represents one of the highest points of the astronomical revolution, which began with Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo and, finally, Newton. Galileo represents a significant step in the astronomical revolution, moving from the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic model, based on a geocentric universe, to the Copernican model, based on a heliocentric universe. Galileo established the foundation of a new physics, more complete than that of Newton, based on the heliocentric vision. This new physics builds on the basis of his detailed study of motion (uniform, uniformly accelerated and violent), which would be quantitatively defined through the language of mathematics.

Thesis: The definition of the heliocentric system: at the center...

Definitions:

Escorrentía: Rain and snowmelt water that runs through the ground surface up to the main sewer. When calculating the flow rate of a river near its mouth, it measures the entire basin runoff. Its speed is more pronounced on the slopes. It is lower in forested areas than on land devoid of vegetation.

Magra: Lowest level or minimum flow of a river or stream during a particular time of year. Refers to the period that lasts or decreases flow. This restriction may be due to a time of drought. Sometimes it gets to the drying of the river.

Garriga: Shrubbery with rugged leaves characteristic of a zone with a Mediterranean climate, dominated by Kermes oaks, rock roses, and other aromatic plants like rosemary, thyme, and lavender. It is less...

Solid Solution Hardening

Solid solutions cause an increase in the hardness of the metal.

Treatment of Metals

Treatments are categorized based on how they alter the properties of the metal:

• Heat treatment: The metal is subjected to thermal processes that do not vary its chemical composition, but do alter its structure.
• Thermochemical treatments: Metals undergo heating and cooling while amending the chemical composition of their outer surface.
• Mechanical treatments: Features are enhanced by mechanical deformation of metals, with or without heat.
• Surface treatments: Improves the metal surface without changing its bulk chemical composition.

Note: Treatments should not change the chemical composition of the metal; otherwise, it would be classified as a

Análisis de poemas de Bécquer: estructura, métrica y temas

Poema 2

Tema: Falta de conocimiento del destino. ¿De dónde venimos? ¿Adónde vamos?

Estructura: 20 versos agrupados en 5 estrofas de 4 versos octosílabos, con rima asonante en los versos pares. Se utiliza la composición estrófica llamada cuarteta, caracterizada por los elementos citados anteriormente.

Rima: Dos partes diferenciadas: la primera estrofa, con función de introducción y desarrollo; la última estrofa, con función de conclusión. En esta parte se identifica con gran claridad los elementos que aluden al destino y al desconocimiento del ser humano.

Hipérbaton: El primer verso de cada estrofa es observable.

Recursos: Se compara con elementos naturales.

Poema 7

Tema: Reflexión...

Coltan: Conflict Mineral Impacts and Global Exploitation

Social Consequences of Coltan Mining

The pursuit of coltan allows for the gain of control and access to cheap labor. Children are frequently used for extraction and often die due to exposure to radioactivity, poisoning, and landslides. Workers suffer from severe health issues, including diseases such as cholera, due to contaminated water and unsanitary conditions.

Key social issues include:

• Widespread child exploitation, significantly increasing child mortality rates.
• Increased marginalization and poverty.
• Rising rates of prostitution and AIDS.

Economic Exploitation and Pricing

Developed countries take advantage of the situation in poor countries because coltan extraction is highly profitable....

The Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages: Muslim Conquest

The Muslim presence on the peninsula was due to the confluence of two simultaneous processes: the crisis of the Visigoth monarchy and the outward movement of Islam since 634. In 711, Musa sent a party led by Tariq to support the Visigoth king Witiza, defeating the army of Roderic at Guadalete.

Between 711 and 715, the conquest was completed by controlling key points and reaching agreements with the local population through two occupation systems: unconditional surrender and pact-based surrender.

The Muslims belonged to two ethnic groups: Arabs and Berbers. Between 711 and 756, the peninsula was a dependent emirate of Damascus. In 722, the Battle of Covadonga guaranteed the independence...

Catastrophes that originate from natural phenomena are called natural disasters, distinguishing them from technological disasters caused by human activities or failures.

Understanding Risk

Risk is determined by several factors:

• Hazard: The threat level or magnitude of a potentially catastrophic event and its frequency.
• Exposure: The volume of population and property that may be affected.
• Vulnerability: The susceptibility of a community to be damaged.

(Danger does not equal risk). Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

Prediction and Prevention

• Prediction: Based on statistical data that indicates whether a particular phenomenon frequently occurs in a zone.
• Prevention: Proposes the adoption of necessary measures for an event to have minimal effects

Introduction to Thomistic Philosophy

Your philosophy guards evident relation with that of Aristotle, and was remote from Platonic theories. In Thomas's anthropology, man is explained applying the hylomorphic theory: human nature is matter and is composed of man and form. The soul confers corporeality onto form matter, and additionally provides sensory and intellectual operations. Upon dying, the body corrupts and rational operations cease.

Thomas distances himself from the Platonic theory that the soul is only essence, stating that the union of man and soul is natural. The body and soul do not have innate ideas; they have to form them starting from sensible experience, for which it needs a body. According to Aristotle, the union of body and soul...

Understanding and Classifying Risks

Risk: It may be called risk to any action, process, or event which might cause injury, disease, economic loss, or environmental damage. With the exception of wars, natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes are those which reach a greater magnitude.

Classification of Risks

Cultural Technology Risk

Originating as a result of human error in productive activities (oil spills, radioactive leaks, industrial pollution,...) or lifestyles and socio-political activities (drugs, alcoholism, eating habits, smoking, war, dangerous sports,...).

Natural Hazards

Caused by natural causes (profound alteration of the environment as a result of natural processes). They can be:

Organic Hazards

Due to the action of...