Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Abstract

Aloma is a young woman living in Barcelona with her brother, his wife, and their child. Her brother is named Joan, his wife is Anna, and their son is Daniel. Aloma and Joan recently lost another brother, also named Daniel, who died in an accident. They reside in a house inherited by Joan and Aloma from their father.

Anna's brother, Robert, arrives from America for a visit, and Joan and Aloma go to the port to meet him. Upon meeting, Aloma immediately falls in love with him. Meanwhile, young Daniel falls ill, and the doctor recommends fresh mountain air; however, due to travel preparations, the trip is delayed.

One day, Aloma and Robert go to the cinema. Upon returning home, Robert kisses her, and Aloma realizes he shares her feelings....

Irregular Verbs: Infinitive, Past Simple and Past Participle

The table below lists common irregular verbs in English, with their infinitive, past simple and past participle forms, along with IPA pronunciation.

Glossary of Terms and Definitions

Workroom

A place where manual art, industry, or trade jobs are performed.

Lacquers

Substances used in paints and varnishes.

Charming

Something that captivates due to the beauty it displays.

Crevices

Narrow openings.

Searching

To browse meticulously.

Willow

Trees that grow on the banks of rivers or in wet places.

Overwhelming

Causing someone to be under great concern or stress.

Rateta Make

Designing the sun rays that are reflected in a mirror.

Gorg

A pool formed in the bed of a river where a waterfall drops.

Garbo

Well-tied bundles of grass.

Heno (Hay)

Dry grass used for forage.

Beating

A cabin or shed where straw and hay for livestock are stored.

Croup

The posterior part of the back, mainly in horses.

Tamborinada

A storm with thunder

Literary Reflections and True Crime Accounts

Book Review: The Postman (Neruda)

One of the last books I read is called The Postman (Neruda). It is about a young man named Paul who decides to look for a job. He is offered a position as a postman, but his route requires him to travel far to deliver mail to a single person: a very famous writer. Paul cycles long distances, carrying heavy loads of letters from fans.

Paul becomes friends with the writer. One day, the writer teaches Pablo how to use metaphors to woo the girl he likes, and Pablo succeeds. At the end of the book, the postman dies.

A Notorious Crime Incident

One of the crimes that has most caught my attention happened recently in the South. A man entered a shop. Due to circumstances I don'...

Principles of Effective Textual Communication

The Nature of Text

Texts, whether oral or written, are messages transmitted from a sender to a receiver, consisting of a series of sentences and paragraphs.

Essential Textual Qualities

For a text to be effective, it must adhere to the following principles:

1. Register and Appropriateness (Compliance)

The text must utilize the appropriate register (formal or informal) corresponding to the communicative situation, ensuring the document type or discourse fulfills its intended purpose.

2. Coherence and Completeness (Consistency)

The text must maintain a central theme or axis and contain all necessary information for the recipient to fully understand the message. To achieve this:

• Sort and express ideas so they

Subordinate Clauses Analysis

Subordinate Adverbial Clauses

These clauses function adverbially. They are classified as follows:

• Own: Can be replaced by the adverb "there." Nexus: where (if predicting an adverb or preposition).
• Time: Can be replaced by the adverb "then." Nexus: when, while, after that, or to + infinitive.
• Manner: The adverb "well" can substitute it. Nexus: since, as, or introduced by a gerund.

Unfit Clauses (Specific Functions)

• Causal: Provide a meaning of cause, motive, or reason, justifying what is stated in the main clause. Nexuses: because, since.
• Final: Express purpose, the goal of what is said in the main clause. Links: so that, in order to, or introduced by: a/to + infinitive.
• Conditional: Indicate a condition or hypothesis required

English Grammar Tenses Summary

Simple Past Tense (Pasado Simple)

Formación de verbos regulares:

• Verbo + -ed
• Verbo terminado en -e + -d

Estructuras Auxiliares:

• Negación (-): Didn't (Did not) + Verbo (base)
• Interrogación (?): Did + Sujeto + Verbo (base)
• Respuestas Cortas (!): Yes, I did / No, I didn't

Present Simple Tense (Presente Simple)

Formación:

• Verbo + -s o -es (para He, She, It)
• Verbo (base) (para I, You, We, They)

Estructuras Auxiliares:

• Negación (-): Do not / Does not
• Interrogación (?):
  • Do: I, You, We, They
  • Does: He, She, It

Present Continuous Tense (Presente Continuo)

Formación:

• Verbo Auxiliar 'To Be' + Verbo principal + -ing

Conjugación del Auxiliar 'To Be':

• I: AM
• You, We, They: ARE
• He, She, It: IS

Negación (-):

• I'm not
• Aren't (Are not)
• Isn't (Is not)

Ben

We both found what we were looking for.
I'll never be alone.
You're always running here and there.
You feel you're not wanted anywhere.
If you ever look behind, there's something you should know.
I used to say 'I' and 'me'.
I used to say 'I' and 'me'.
Ben, most people would turn you away.
They don't see you as I do.
I wish they would try to; I'm sure they'd think again.

Blame It on the Boogie

Blame it on the boogie.
My baby's always dancing, and that's no lie.
At every kind of disco.
Don't blame it on the sunshine.
Don't blame it on the moonlight.
Don't blame it on the good times.
Blame it on the boogie.
Don't blame it on the sunshine.
Don't blame it on the moonlight.
Don't blame it on the good times.
Blame it on the boogie.
Spellbound rhythm...

Seasons and Weather

• Seasons: Summer, Autumn (Fall), Winter, Spring.

Weather Conditions

• Rainy: Rainy, Snowy, Cloudy.
• Sunny: Sunny, Hot (Heat), Cold.
• Windy: Wind.
• Temperate: Warm, Cool.

Transportation Vocabulary

• Road: Car, Truck (Lorry), Motorbike (Motorcycle), Bicycle (Bike), Taxi.
• Rail/Air/Water: Train, Plane (Airplane), Boat, Bus (Auto).
• Other: Metro (Underground).

Future Tense Forms

Future with "Will"

Affirmative:

Subject + will + verb.

Negative:

Subject + will not or won't + verb.

Questions (Will):

• Question: Will + subject + verb?
• Short Answers: Yes + subject + will. / No + subject + will not (won't).

Future with "Be Going To"

Affirmative:

• I: I + am going to + verb.
• He, She, It: He/She/It + is going to + verb.
• You, We, They: You/We/They + are going to + verb.

Negative:

the people who live in the quiet village of rottingdean, in the south of englad, couldn´t believe their eyes yesterday when they switched on their tv´s and saw their neighbour michael scott participating in a quiz programme.The man did vvery well. He answered all the question correctly and won the prize 25.000 (euros). Nothing is wrong with that but the problems was that the man really took part in the programme a fortnight ago. A fortnight went by between at recording and the brodcasting. When michael won the quiz and recived the cheque, he went to the nearst bank to cash it. Whit all the money in his pockets, this young taxi driver took the train to london and went the shopping. He bought clothes fir him, toys for his two sons some lovely...