Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Essential English Vocabulary: Verbs, Illnesses, and Terms

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English Verb Conjugation Reference

This table lists common verbs, their principal parts, and their Spanish translations.

PresentPast SimplePast ParticipleEspañol
apologizeapologizedapologizeddisculparse
arrivearrivedarrivedllegar
believebelievedbelievedcreer
buildbuiltbuiltconstruir
borrowborrowedborrowedpedir prestado
changechangedchangedcambiar
discussdiscusseddiscusseddiscutir
drawdrewdrawndibujar
enjoyenjoyedenjoyeddisfrutar
feedfedfedalimentar
givegavegivendar
hopehopedhopedesperar
knowknewknownsaber / conocer
staystayedstayedquedarse / permanecer
trytriedtriedprobar / intentar

Example Sentences

Regular Verb Sentences (Oraciones Regulares)

  • I have to apologize to my family.
  • She borrowed the pencil.
  • I had hoped to see the result of the test.

Irregular Verb Sentences

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Roald Dahl Short Stories: Plots & Characters

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The Landlady

Billy Weaver, a 17-year-old, seeks lodging at a seemingly charming boarding house. He accepts tea from the landlady, who discusses previous guests, including Mr. Mulholland. Billy notices the parrot is dead, and slowly, a chilling reality dawns on him about the landlady's true intentions and the fate of her former tenants.

William and Mary

Mary Pearl receives a note from her recently deceased husband, William, a well-regarded philosopher who died of cancer. Dr. Landy proposes a radical procedure: transplanting William's brain and an artificial heart. Mary initially refuses but eventually agrees. The story concludes with Mary revealing her true, controlling nature, now with William's brain preserved.

Way Up to Heaven

Mr. and Mrs. Foster...

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English Verb Tense Practice: Past, Present, and Continuous

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K) Postcard Verb Tense Exercise

Fill in the blanks to complete the postcard. Use the PAST TENSE form of the verbs given:

Dear Mom,

I’m having a wonderful time. Last night I went (go) to the Hollywood Bowl with some friends. We TOOK (take) a special bus and GOT (get) there easily. A friend BOUGHT (buy) some wine and we also BROUGHT (bring) a picnic basket. So we FOUND (find) our seats and ATE (eat) our picnic. Then the concert BEGAN (begin). It WAS (be) excellent. What a night!

Love, Kris

Dear Betty,

Thank you for dinner last night. We ate (eat) like kings and HAD (have) a wonderful time. Charles PUT (put) so much effort into the meal.

M) Sentence Completion Exercise

Complete the sentences using the PAST TENSE form of the verbs given:

  • 1. A: Tom and
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Fashion and Media Vocabulary: Clothing & Media Terms

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Fashion and Media Vocabulary

Useful terms for clothing, journalism and media contexts. Each entry shows a term and its corrected definition or equivalent.

Clothing and Media Terms

Terms and Definitions
TermDefinition
A blazerA type of formal jacket.
A hoodieA sweatshirt with a hood to cover the head.
A hostThe person who invites guests.
AccuracyThe ability to do something without making any mistakes.
ActuallyIn fact.
An eventDon't forget tomorrow's concert; it's an important event for the artist.
AverageA standard or level that is considered usual.
BaggyToo big.
BroadsheetsSerious newspapers.
BudgetThe amount of money you can spend on something.
Can't affordYou can't pay for it.
Channel hopThe action of changing the channel you are tuned to.
CheckedWith a pattern
...
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Adapting to Change and Business Correspondence Basics

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Character Analysis: Who Moved My Cheese?

1. Description of the 4 Characters:

  • Sniff: A person who recognizes early changes.
  • Scurry: A person who decides to take faster action on changes.
  • Hem: A person who does not like change; a conformist who will not change anything.
  • Haw: A person who always believed they are not afraid of changes and is considered to be good.

Personal Identification

2. Who do you identify with?

I identify with Haw because I always want to learn new things, gaining both personal and professional knowledge to continue growing as a person. I do not fear change because changes are good and require leaving one's comfort zone.

Defining Personal Success

3. What is your "Cheese"?

I would like to lead a life where I have to fend for myself....

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Literary Analysis: The American Dream in Classic Literature

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Locations and the American Dream

Places depicted by the author:

“A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the yellow sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool.“ (Page 3)

“This is a valley of ashes — a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air.” (Page 17)

The Valley of Ashes represents the remnants of the American Dream. The setting symbolizes poverty, and the author critiques the Lost

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English Past Simple Verbs with Spanish Translations

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Essential English Irregular Verbs and Spanish Meanings

Improve your language skills with this comprehensive list of English irregular verbs, their past simple forms, and their Spanish translations.

InfinitivePast SimpleSpanish Translation
LearnLearntAprender
LeaveLeftDejar
LendLentPrestar
LieLayTumbarse
LieLiedMentir
LightLitEncender
LoseLostPerder
MakeMadeHacer, fabricar
MeanMeantSignificar, querer decir
MeetMetConocer
PayPaidPagar
PutPutPoner
ReadReadLeer
RideRodeMontar
RingRangLlamar
RiseRoseElevarse
RunRanCorrer
SaySaidDecir
SeeSawVer
SellSoldVender
SendSentEnviar
SetSetColocar
ShakeShookAgitar
ShineShoneBrillar
ShootShotDisparar
ShowShowedMostrar
ShutShutCerrar
SingSangCantar
SinkSankHundirse
SitSatSentarse
SleepSleptDormir
SmellSmeltOler
SpeakSpokeHablar
SpellSpeltDeletrear
SpendSpentGastar
StandStoodEstar
...
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The Crucible: Salem Witch Trials Plot Summary

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The Salem Witchcraft Crisis Begins

In the Puritan New England town of Salem, Massachusetts, a group of girls is caught dancing in the forest with a black slave named Tituba. Upon being discovered by the local minister, Reverend Parris, his daughter Betty falls into a coma-like state. As rumors of witchcraft spread, a crowd gathers at the Parris home. Parris summons Reverend Hale, an expert on the occult, and questions his niece and ward, Abigail Williams, about the forest events. Abigail insists that they were merely dancing.

The Secret Affair of John Proctor

While Parris attempts to manage the growing crowd, Abigail warns the other girls to remain silent. John Proctor, a local farmer, arrives and speaks with Abigail privately. It is revealed

...
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Natalia Caro's Future and John Lennon's Legacy

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Future Autobiography

My name is Natalia Caro, and I am the third of three sisters. People know me for having a sister of my same age. Many people say that we are very similar, but I do not see myself as equal to her; we are completely different. I was born on February 13, 2001, in Barcelona.

This year, I have to make one of the most important decisions of my life. I must decide what I want to dedicate the rest of my life to, and the truth is that I still do not have it clear. When I was little, I wanted to be an artist, paint pictures, and then sell them, but as I grew up, I realized that it was crazy, and I could not live on it. Now, years later, I want to dedicate myself to the world of communication since, in the future, I would like to be...

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Mastering Reported Speech: Practical Exercises and Solutions

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Reported Speech Transformation Exercises

  • 4. Mrs. Prescott: “My daughter got married last year” (SAY) – Mrs. Prescott said her daughter had gotten married the previous year.
  • 6. The student: “Could you explain number four, please?” (ASK) – The student asked if the teacher could explain number four.
  • 7. The policeman: “Where do you live?” (ASK) – The policeman asked me where I lived.
  • 8. Emma: “We went to the cinema and then to a Chinese restaurant” (EXPLAIN) – Emma explained they had gone to the cinema and then to a Chinese restaurant.
  • 10. He: “Did you arrive before seven, Anya?” (ASK) – He asked Anya if she had arrived before seven.
  • 11. He: “I would have visited the hospital, if I had known you were sick” (EXPLAIN)
...
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