Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Primary education

The Peculiar Life of Adrian Mole

Adrian Mole is a 14-year-old with a rather peculiar life. His first love, and now girlfriend, is Pandora. He has a special obsession with measuring himself every so often, and he's also obsessed with his skin, which is full of blemishes. He also has a great curiosity about sex. His parents are going through a marital crisis, and he's becoming increasingly stressed by exams.

Adventures and Misadventures

Nigel, Adrian's best friend, sets him up on a blind date with a young woman, but the date, which involves roller skates, doesn't go well.

Bert Baxter, a retired friend, asks Adrian to help with Queenie, who is unwell. She is admitted to the hospital, and Bert suffers a heart attack. Adrian and Pandora take care of...

Tense Shifts: Direct Speech to Reported Speech

English Verb Patterns: Gerunds and Infinitives

Verbs Followed by the Gerund (VERB + -ING)

These verbs are followed by the gerund form of another verb:

• admit, adore, allow, avoid, can't stand, carry on, consider, deny, delay, mind, enjoy, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, involve, keep, postpone, practice, put off, recommend, risk, suggest.

Verbs Followed by the To-Infinitive (TO + INF)

These verbs are followed by the full infinitive (to + verb):

• afford, agree, allow, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, dare, decide, expect, fail, forget, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, would like.

Verbs Followed by Object + To-Infinitive

These verbs require an object before the full infinitive:

• advise,

1. Simple Future (Will) vs. Intentions (Be Going To)

Identify the correct future form based on context (spontaneous decisions, predictions, plans, promises).

1. Ron is fast. He will win the race. (Prediction based on ability)
2. That soup smells delicious. I think I will have some. (Spontaneous decision)
3. Have you cleaned your room yet? No, not yet. I am going to clean it tomorrow. (Prior plan)
4. What are your plans for the weekend? I am going to have some friends over. (Prior plan)
5. Lisa tells her sister a secret and says, “Promise you won't tell Mum.” (Promise)
6. Where are you going to put that picture? I think you should hang it on that wall. (Intention/Plan)
7. Can you come to my house tonight? We are going to watch a great film. (Prior plan/Arrangement)
8. Let’s

Nouns from Verbs

You can make nouns from some verbs by adding the suffix -ion:

• instruct → instruction
• inform → information

Study Nouns

• communication
• concentration
• correction
• distraction
• education
• imagination
• information
• instruction
• motivation
• participation
• presentation

Reported Commands and Requests

To report commands, use tell + object + (not) + to + verb:

“Don’t run.” → He told us not to run.

To report requests, use ask + object + (not) + to + verb:

“Could you go inside?” → Mrs. Evans asked us to go inside.

Giving Examples

My desk isn’t very neat. There are lots of things on it, such as sticky notes and notebooks.

I write information about my homework assignments in my notebook, including when the teacher told us to hand them in.

Writing Resolutions

In...

Simple Sentences(1MC)

Mary and Samantha took the bus.

Joe waited for the train.

Compound Sentences(2 OR MORE MC connected by conjunctions: and or but)

Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.

Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.

A Complex Sentence(1 mc + 1 or more subordinate c)

Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.

I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon.

Compound-Complex Sentence(2 mc + 1 or more subordinate c)

Kate doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn’t watch them.

As I put my coat on, I looked...

Lord Munodi promises to get Gulliver an invitation to Lagado's Royal Academy if he wants it, which Gulliver does.

Their projects include:

• To take sunbeams out of cucumbers
• To turn human poo back into food (ugh)
• To melt ice into gunpowder
• To build houses from the roof down
• To paint without sight, but according to the texture and smell of the colors
• To use pigs to plough fields
• To use spider webs to replace silk threads

This giant square has handles on all sides for the professor's students to use to turn the frame.

By turning the frame, the professor's students shake up the words hanging inside the square.

Whenever three or four of the words together seem to make sense, the students write down these phrases.

In order to find an accused person they could

80 Essential Irregular Verbs: Forms and Meanings

This comprehensive list provides the base form, past simple, and past participle for 80 common irregular verbs, along with their Spanish translations. Mastering these forms is crucial for achieving fluency in English.

Verbs A–D

Be (Ser, Estar)

• Base Form: Be
• Past Simple: Was / Were
• Past Participle: Been

Become (Convertirse en, Hacerse)

• Base Form: Become
• Past Simple: Became
• Past Participle: Become

Begin (Empezar, Comenzar)

• Base Form: Begin
• Past Simple: Began
• Past Participle: Begun

Bite (Morder)

• Base Form: Bite
• Past Simple: Bit
• Past Participle: Bitten

Blow (Soplar)

• Base Form: Blow
• Past Simple: Blew
• Past Participle: Blown

Break (Romper)

• Base Form: Break
• Past Simple: Broke
• Past Participle: Broken

Bring (Llevar, Traer)

• Base

Vocabulary: Fame

Phrasal Verbs & Related Terms

• Break into - Enter forcibly; successfully enter a new field or market.
• Eat out - Dine at a restaurant.
• Take off - Remove (clothing); become successful quickly; depart (airplane).
• Take up - Begin (a hobby, activity); occupy (space, time).
• Turn down - Refuse an offer; reduce volume or intensity.

Nouns & Concepts

• Audition - A performance to test suitability for a role.
• Celebrity - A famous person.
• Downside - The negative aspect.
• Fortune - Wealth; luck.
• Queue - A line of people waiting.
• Role model - A person admired and imitated by others.
• Stage - The platform where performances occur.
• Star - A very famous performer; a celestial body.
• Trend - A current fashion or general direction.
• Wannabe - Someone aspiring