Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Other courses

The Chemical Company Scandal

John Duncan went to a chemical company and asked David Wilson for a job. Wilson gave him an opportunity. John investigated the new paint the company produced alongside his new coworker, Mary. The results were nasty: baby rats were born with six legs or no eyes.

At that moment, John Duncan lived in a very big house near the river. One day, they saw news in a newspaper stating that baby seals were dead. Christine, who was married to Simon and had a baby, was involved. Before this, John confessed the truth.

The factory was closed. John sold his house, and in the end, he lived in a little house near the sea.

Character Profiles

• John Duncan: An old, unfortunate, and sociable man.
• Christine: John Duncan's daughter, who eventually

King for a Day

Pierce the Veil ft. Kellin Quinn

[Verse 1]

Vic:
Dare me to jump off of this Jersey bridge,
Kellin:
I bet you never had a Friday night like this.
Vic:
Keep it up, keep it up, let's raise our hands,
Kellin:
I take a look up in the sky and I see red.
Vic:
Red for the cancer, red for the wealthy,
Red for the drink that's mixed with suicide.
Kellin:
Everything red.

[Pre-Chorus: Kellin]

Please, won't you push me for the last time?
Let's scream until there's nothing left
So sick of playing, I don't want this anymore.
The thought of you is no fucking fun.
You want a martyr? I'll be one
Because enough's enough,
We're done.

[Chorus: Vic]

You told me, "Think about it."
Well, I did, now I don't wanna feel a thing anymore
I'm tired of begging...

Essential Vocabulary for Advanced Communication

• Diligent (adj.) – Showing care and effort in one’s work or duties.
  Example: She is a diligent student who always completes her assignments on time.
• Doleful (adj.) – Expressing sorrow or sadness.
  Example: The doleful melody of the song made everyone feel emotional.
• Ghastly (adj.) – Frightening or shocking in appearance; horrible.
  Example: He had a ghastly look on his face after hearing the terrible news.
• Hamper (verb) – To hinder or obstruct progress.
  Example: The heavy snowstorm will hamper our travel plans.
• Hew (verb) – To cut or shape something with a tool, such as an ax.
  Example: The workers hewed logs to build the cabin.
• Intricate (adj.) – Very detailed or complicated.
  Example: The artist

Common Examples of Modal Verbs in Sentences

1. She may have left her keys at home.
2. He can solve complex math problems easily.
3. You needn't have bought a gift.
4. They must have misunderstood the instructions.
5. We may use calculators during the exam.
6. I shouldn't have spoken to her like that.
7. He might not have heard the alarm this morning.
8. She can play the piano beautifully.
9. They didn't have to wait for us.
10. She must have completed the project by now.
11. They might have missed the train.
12. He had to finish the report by Friday.
13. We shouldn't have ignored his advice.
14. She could speak three languages fluently.
15. You needn't have called me so late.
16. They might not have received our message.
17. He must have known about the meeting.
18. We may leave early today.
19. I shouldn't have forgotten her

Sign languages are languages. For much of the past century, however, they were considered a visual representation of a spoken language or an incomplete form of communication, closer to mimicry, without rules—in other words, lacking grammar. Early studies on sign languages established their linguistic status by demonstrating, for example, that signs are constructed with sub-lexical elements. Furthermore, sign language is not universal. This misconception is related to the belief that they are artificial languages created to replace or compensate for spoken language. It has been shown, however, that sign languages have emerged and developed independently within each Deaf community. These communities often arise in places where Deaf individuals...

Anne Frank's Relationships with Family and Teachers

How Did Anne Feel About Her Father, Grandmother, Mrs. Kuperus, and Mr. Keesing?

Anne had fond memories of all the people in her life. She felt that her father was the most adorable father she had ever seen. Anne remembered her grandmother even after her death. She wrote in her diary that no one knew how often she thought of her grandmother and still loved her.

In the sixth form at the Montessori nursery school, her teacher was Mrs. Kuperus, who was also the headmistress. At the end of the year, they were both in tears as they had a heartbreaking farewell.

Mr. Keesing was her Math teacher. He was always annoyed with her because she talked too much. However, Anne was able to justify her talkative...

Opinion Essay Template

Introduction

Nowadays, there is a lot of discussion about __________. Some people have different opinions on this issue. In this essay, I will explain my point of view.

Body Paragraph 1

First of all, I believe that __________ can have several benefits. It can make people’s lives easier and help them in different situations. For example, many individuals use it regularly and find it useful. Therefore, it can have a positive impact on society.

Body Paragraph 2

Furthermore, another important aspect is that __________ may provide opportunities for people to improve different areas of their lives. However, it is important to use it responsibly and be aware of possible disadvantages.

Conclusion

To sum up, although there are different...

Essential English Grammar Sentence Transformations

• 1. TOO / ENOUGH
  (too + adj → not + adj opposite + enough)
  He is too young to drive. → He isn’t old enough to drive.
• 2. SO / SUCH
  (such + (a/an) + adj + noun → so + adj)
  It was such a difficult exam. → The exam was so difficult.
• 3. ALTHOUGH / DESPITE
  (although + S+V → despite + noun / -ing)
  Although it was raining, we went out. → Despite the rain, we went out.
• 4. BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF
  (because + S+V → because of + noun)
  We stayed home because it was raining. → We stayed home because of the rain.
• 5. IF / UNLESS
  (if not → unless)
  If you don’t study, you will fail. → You will fail unless you study.
• 6. USED TO
  (past habit → used to + inf)
  I played football when I was a child. → I used to

Disconnected: Why Banning Phones in Schools Is a Step Backward

By [Your Name]

Imagine this: a teenager walks home alone in the dark. Her phone is switched off — confiscated, banned. She needs to call for help. She can’t. In that moment, the rule wasn’t just impractical. It was dangerous.

This is the reality behind the polished policies and “discipline-first” headlines. The question of banning phones in schools is not about convenience — it’s about control. It’s about trust. It’s about understanding what it actually means to prepare young people for the world we live in, not the world some adults wish still existed.

Let’s be honest. Phones are everywhere. They are how we talk, learn, work, relax, organise, and collaborate. They...

Be; Was/were; been; ser, estar

Beat; beat; beaten; golpear

Become; became; become; llegar a ser

Begin; began; begun; empezar

Bend; bent; bent; doblar

Bet; bet; bet; apostar

Bite; bit; bitten; morder

Bleed; bled; bled; sangrar

Blow; blew; blown; soplar

Break; broke; broken; romper

Bring; brought; brought; traer

Build; built; built; construir

Burn; burnt; burnt; quemar

Buy; bought; bought; comprar

Catch; caught; caught; coger

Choose; chose; chosen; elegir

Come; came; come; venir

Cost; cost; cost; costar

Cut; cut; cut; cortar

Dig; dug; dug; cavar

Do; did; done; hacer

Draw; drew; drawn; dibujar

Dream; dreamt; dreamt; soñar

Drink; drank; drunk; beber

Drive; drove; driven; conducir

Eat; ate; eaten; comer

Fall; fell; fallen; fallen; caer

Feed; fed; fed; alimentarse

Feel; felt;...