Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Other courses

Adjective Clauses

An adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun. It typically begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) or a relative adverb (where, when, why).

They function as adjectives, providing additional information about the noun or pronoun they modify.

Examples:

• The dog barking does not bite.
• They gave all that had requested.

Relative Adverbs

Relative adverbs (where, when, how) can also introduce adjective clauses.

Example:

The village where that writer was born is south.

More Examples

• I saw Luis leaving his friends.
• We take the motorway to Huesca opened last month.

Adjective clauses have a history and are adjacent to the nucleus, forming part of the noun phrase.

Example:

The dog barking does not bite.

They are switchable by...

Ticket 1

1. Appearance and Personality

My favourite actor is Tom Holland. He is a famous British actor who is tall and slim. He has short brown hair and brown eyes. He is friendly, energetic, and talented. He became famous for playing Spider-Man in Marvel films. I like him because he is hardworking, kind, and has a good sense of humour. He inspires many young people around the world.

2. Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are special verbs that express ability, possibility, permission, advice, or obligation. Examples include: can, could, may, might, must, should, will, and would.

3. Complete the sentences

1. You must wear a seatbelt in the car.
2. She can speak three languages fluently.
3. Students should study hard before exams.
4. It’s cloudy. It might rain later.
5. You should

Reported Speech Tense Changes

Present Simple

Direct: He works as an editor.

Reported: She said that he worked as an editor.

Present Continuous

Direct: He is working as an editor.

Reported: She said that he was working as an editor.

Past Simple

Direct: He worked as an editor.

Reported: She said that he had worked as an editor.

Past Continuous

Direct: He was working as an editor.

Reported: She said that he had been working as an editor.

Present Perfect Simple

Direct: He has worked as an editor.

Reported: She said that he had worked as an editor.

Present Perfect Continuous

Direct: He has been working as an editor.

Reported: She said that he had been working as an editor.

Past Perfect Simple

Direct: He had worked as an editor.

Reported: She said that he had worked...

English Irregular Verbs List

Common irregular verbs in English with their past simple, past participle forms, and translations:

Be

was, were, been (izan)

Beat

beat, beaten (kolpatu)

Become

became, become (bihurtu)

Begin

began, begun (hasi)

Bend

bent, bent (tolestu)

Bet

bet, bet (apostar)

Bite

bit, bitten (koska egin)

Bleed

bled, bled (odola jariatu)

Blow

blew, blown (putz egin)

Break

broke, broken (apurtu)

Bring

brought, brought (ekarri)

Broadcast

broadcast, broadcast (emititu)

Build

built, built (construir)

Burn

burnt, burnt (quemar)

Buy

bought, bought (erosi)

Catch

caught, caught (harrapatu)

Choose

chose, chosen (aukeratu)

Come

came, come (venir)

Cost

cost, cost (kostatu)

Cut

cut, cut (moztu)

Dig

dug, dug (cavar)

Do

did, done (egin)

Draw

drew, drawn (marraztu)

Dream

dreamt, dreamt (amets

Email para Pen-pal-

Hello Arantxa, How are you? I hope you are well. I was very happy to receive your mail and I'd like to pen-pal. Thanks to you I can learn and improve my English skills! I'll introduce myself and talk a little about me. My name is Mari Carmen Moreno. I’m twenty-six years old. I was born in Malaga and I live in Rincon de la Victoria. I am a nursery education teacher besides I’m a student of the official school of language, too. Most of my family was born in Seville. My father is retired and I live with him. I have got two brothers: Victor and Oscar. Also, I have two nephews and in December, I will have a new nephew/niece, I am very looking forward to the month of December. In my free time, I like reading while having a

Advertising Vocabulary

Types of Advertising:

• Billboards (cartell/valla publicitària)
• Celebrity endorsements (promoció feta per famosos)
• Covert adverts (publicitat subliminar)
• Direct mail (correu)
• Junk mail (correu brossa)
• Email and spam
• Magazine/newspaper ads (revistes/diaris amb anuncis)
• Radio/TV commercials (anunci ràdio/tele)
• Sponsoring of events
• Text messages
• Website ads: pop-ups

Adjectives to Describe Ads:

Amusing (divertit/graciós), attractive, clever (intel·ligent), dramatic, dull (avorrit), emotional, funny, humorous, sexist, shocking (impactant), silly (tonto), tasteless (soso), unusual, weird (raro).

Product Categories:

• Clothes and accessories: gloves, jewellery, trainers
• Electronic goods: hi-fi system, sat-nav, tablet computer, phone
• Health and

Have you ever thought about what happens when obsession persists? You is a Netflix psychological thriller that examines this theme through Joe Goldberg, a bookstore manager who becomes dangerously obsessed with the women he falls in love with. It's intense, full of suspense, and frankly captivating.

Why the Protagonist Drives Popularity

First of all, the protagonist is one of the main reasons the show is so popular. Joe, played by Penn Badgley, is charming and creepy at the same time, which makes him truly compelling to watch. Also, because the story is told from Joe's perspective, it's even more intense—you can hear his thoughts.

Unpredictable Plot and Moral Tension

Another reason the show keeps you hooked is the unpredictable storyline. Each...

Ben Jonson and Volpone

Ben Jonson (London, 1572–1637) was a prominent playwright whose work Volpone was first performed in 1606 at the Globe Theatre and at Oxford and Cambridge in 1607. It was published in quarto in 1607 and intended for both stage and page. In 1616, Jonson published his Complete Works (plays and poems) in a folio edition, which served as a precedent for Shakespeare’s First Folio edition in 1623.

Jonson used prefaces—unlike Shakespeare, who did not—to justify himself, as he was deeply concerned about his public image. He was a shrewd observer of Londoners, loved the classics (translating Horace’s Ars Poetica in 1605), and was familiar with Italian interpretations of Aristotle's Poetics. Jonson did not attend college;...

The 1967 novel The Outsiders, written by S.E. Hinton, examines the challenges adolescents face as they strive to achieve greatness while under immense pressure. Through the lens of Ponyboy, the strategically implemented setting, and the book's carefully chosen language features, Hinton significantly showcases the conflict between personal desires and the pressure to succeed. Ultimately, the novel highlights how the demand for success can be stressful for teenagers in modern society.

Ponyboy Curtis and the Burden of Expectation

The characterization of Ponyboy plays an important role in showcasing how teenagers are pressured to achieve, specifically by highlighting his intelligence and sensitivity. He cogitated, "I make good grades and have a high...

The Ant, the Grasshopper, and the Wise Old Oak

In a sun-drenched meadow, there lived an Ant and a Grasshopper who were next-door neighbors. The Ant was a diligent worker. Every single day, she would set off early, work tirelessly, and store up food for the winter. She never put off what she could do today.

The Grasshopper, on the other hand, lived a carefree life. He would spend his days singing songs, strumming his fiddle, and mocking the Ant for her constant labor. "Why do you work so hard?" he would laugh. "Come, relax and enjoy the sunshine! Carpe diem!"

The Ant would simply smile and say, "Winter is just around the corner. We must prepare for it."

But the Grasshopper ignored her warnings, believing she was unnecessarily anxious.

The Arrival