Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Baccalaureate

Discovering Lucena: A Cultural Gem in Andalusia

Lucena is a city in the south of Spain, located in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia. It is a unique destination defined by its rich history and a harmonious blend of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures.

Historical Significance and Landmarks

Lucena boasts a deep historical legacy. Once a vital center for the Jewish community, the town preserves its heritage within its historic quarter. Key landmarks include:

• Castillo del Moral: A medieval castle that now houses an informative museum.
• Church of San Mateo: A site renowned for its stunning architectural design.

Traditions and Gastronomy

Lucena is celebrated for its vibrant traditions and culinary excellence:

• Semana Santa (Holy Week): Features solemn

The Passive Voice

The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the recipient of the action. Below are examples of how to transform sentences from active to passive across various tenses:

• Present Simple: He delivers the letters. / The letters are delivered.
• Past Simple: He delivered the letters. / The letters were delivered.
• Future Simple: He will deliver the letters. / The letters will be delivered.
• Present Continuous: He is delivering the letters. / The letters are being delivered.
• Past Continuous: He was delivering the letters. / The letters were being delivered.
• Going to: He is going to deliver the letters. / The letters are going to be delivered.
• Present Perfect: He has delivered the letters. / The letters have been delivered.
• Past Perfect:

English Conditional Structures

Zero Conditional

Structure: If + Present Simple, Main Clause: Present Simple

Use: Expresses generally true facts, actions, and their results.

First Conditional

Structure: If + Present Simple, Main Clause: Will / Won’t + Infinitive

Use: Describes real or possible events in the present or future.

Second Conditional

Structure: If + Past Simple, Main Clause: Would / Wouldn’t + Infinitive

Use: Describes present or future situations or events that are unlikely or hypothetical.

Third Conditional

Structure: If + Past Perfect, Main Clause: Would / Wouldn’t + Have + Past Participle

Use: Describes impossible or hypothetical past situations or events. The third conditional is used to imagine a different past outcome based on a...

Mobile Phones in High Schools: Pros and Cons

Mobile phones have become an integral part of our daily lives, including the lives of high school students. However, the use of mobile phones in schools is a topic of debate, with both pros and cons to consider.

The Benefits of Mobile Phones in Education

• Connectivity: Students can stay connected with their parents in case of emergencies or unexpected situations, providing a sense of security.
• Educational Tools: Smartphones allow students to access educational apps, conduct research, and collaborate on projects.
• Convenience: They offer an efficient way to access information and organize academic schedules.

The Challenges of Mobile Phone Use

• Classroom Distractions: Students may be tempted to use phones for

Technology Vocabulary

• Host: Anfitrión
• Mute: Silenciar
• Unfollow: Dejar de seguir
• Upload: Subir
• Wireless: Inalámbrico
• Device: Dispositivo
• Virtual assistant: Asistente virtual
• Emotionally interactive: Emocionalmente interactivo
• Driverless car: Coche autónomo
• Microchip implant: Implante de microchip
• Embed: Incrustar

Adjectives and Verbs

Adjectives

• Cutting-edge: Vanguardia
• Feasible: Factible
• Flawed: Defectuoso
• Intriguing: Intrigante
• Outdated: Anticuado
• User-friendly: Fácil de usar

Verbs and Phrases

• Convince: Convencer
• Enhance: Mejorar / Aumentar
• Link up: Enlazar
• Make huge strides: Hacer grandes progresos
• Merge: Fusionar
• Pick up: Recoger
• Purchase: Compra
• Respond: Responder
• Show up: Aparecer
• Villain: Villano

Critical Thinking Skills

• Brainstorm solutions
• Consider alternatives
• Draw

Phrasal Verbs List

Section 4

• Beat up: dar una paliza
• Break in: robo
• Come forward: ofrecer ayuda
• Get away with: liderazgo
• Hold up: atracar
• Let off: no castigo
• Make for: ir a otro sitio
• Turn in: chivar

Section 5

• Check out: revisar
• Knock out: eliminar
• Listen out for: escuchar con atención
• Make out: distinguir
• Mind out: tener cuidado
• Pull out: retirarse por problema
• Stand out: destacar (positivo)
• Stick out: destacar (negativo)

Section 6

• Burn out: estar quemado
• Copy in: copiar
• Fill in for: sustituir
• Get ahead: ascender
• Key in: escribir en ordenador
• Lay off: despedir
• Take on: contratar
• Work up: ascender progresivamente

Word Formation

• Depth, deep, deepen, deeply
• Fortune, fortunate, fortunately
• Popularity, popular, popularise, popularly
• Significance, significant, signify, insignificantly
• Desire,

Toys R Us: A Customer Complaint

Date: May 11, 2022

On May 9th, I purchased a remote-control car as a gift for my brother. Upon opening the package, we discovered the car was made of cheap plastic, lacked a remote control, and did not resemble a remote-controlled vehicle at all.

I went directly to the store to file a complaint, as the product was expensive and clearly defective. The staff accused me of swapping the item at home to get a refund, which made me very angry. I have escalated this complaint to management and expect a resolution, either through a replacement or a full refund. Thank you for your attention to this matter.

Sincerely, Sofia Gonzalez Lara

Cuerpo Norte: A Special Gym in Burgos

While there are many gyms in Burgos, Cuerpo Norte...

VERB+THAT+SENTENCE/announced/confessed/complained/insisted/stated/affirmed/mentioned/realised/suggested/protested/demanded/admitted/agreed/explained/reminded/promised/accepted/assured/exclaimed/pointed out/wondered whether-if/OBJECT:advised/persuaded/reminded/warned VERB+TO+INFINITIVE/agreed/decided/offered/hoped/wished/promised/threatened/preferred/refused/accepted/dema  VERB+PBJ+TO+INF (he told me/us/him to kill..) advised/asked /offere/encouraged/persuaded/reminded/warned/begged/invited/urged/ordered/introduced/threatened/commanded  a)VB+OBJ+PREP+-ING: /accused me of/discouraged me from /congratulated me on /apologised for/warned me about /agreed with me on /complained of/insited on/blamed on VERB + ING:admitted/suggested/denied/regretted/...

English Grammar Exercises

voca: ej1: 1. browsing 2. delivered. 3. exchanged 4. afford. EJ2c1. spreeing. 2.belt.3bugged.4.mouth EJ3. 1.recycled. 2.pollutant 3. incinerator. 4.compost EJ4: 1. manufactures 2. changing room. 3. by credit card. 4. till we drop. REA: 1.D 2.A 3.B EJ 2: 1. secure, 2. long-term. 5. plant-pots 6. sweat. GR EJ 1: 1.was arrested 2. was stolen 3.are checked 4. is lock EJ 2: be bought 2. were sold 3. he given 4. has been abandoned. EJ 3: 1. Mary has / gets her hair washed 2.Jonathan is having / getting a cake made. 3. you will hace your car stolen if yo leave it unlocked 4. i enjoy having/getting my gifts wrapped. EJ 4: 1 has your computer ever been accessed by a hacker? 2. I had my password stolen 3. Should i have /get my...

How My Routine Has Changed

Good morning! Since the quarantine started, many things have changed in our daily routines. Schools are closed, we can't go out without a specific reason, and we can't meet our friends. This has completely changed our lives.

Before the coronavirus crisis, I used to get up early, go to school, do my homework, and go out with my friends. Now, I usually get up later and catch up with my homework. After lunch, I study and do my homework until six, when I go down for a snack. Then, I go for a walk with my friend Yago.

The Emotional Impact

This situation was complicated for me at the beginning because I wasn't completely aware of the problems this pandemic could cause. But as time passed, I realized how dangerous it was, and...