Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Baccalaureate

UNIT 9
Past the stairs under: bad luck
Black cat: bad luck
A garlic: Keeps the Ghosts and spirits away
7: good luck
Touch wood: good luck HAVING continuum
Silver and gold: bad luck (not to ask you to Were married)
Broken mirror: 7 years of bad luck
Spell-through on salt and your left shoulder, good luck
Forgetting keys: bad luck
Look on the bright side: see the positive side
You can not beat the system: you can not cover the sun with your finger or
It never rains it pours But, do not rinse obscures q
Life Is not Fair: Life is not fair
Do not worry be happy do not worry be happy
Tomorrow's another day, tomorrow is another day
Flirts Flirts come save: the early bird that helps
Out of mind out of sight, out of sight out of mind...

Conditional Sentences

First Conditional

Structure: If + Present Simple -> Future Simple or may/might + Imperative

Examples:

• If you are left-handed, you will face many disadvantages.
• You will meet a lot of people if you travel abroad.
• If she is free tomorrow, she may/might attend the concert too.

Second Conditional

Structure: If + Past Simple -> would + Base Form or could/might

Examples:

• If we had enough money, we would buy a new car.
• You could/might learn more this year if you studied harder.

Third Conditional

Structure: If + Past Perfect -> would have + Past Participle or could/might have

Examples:

• If I had phoned my parents, they wouldn't have been worried.
• He could/might have visited her if he had known she was ill.

Passive Voice

Present Simple

• Active:

English Verb Tenses and Time Expressions

Present Simple

Structure: I go / I don't go / Do I go?

Time expressions: always, usually, occasionally, frequently, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, once a month, every week, in the morning, at three o'clock, at night.

Present Continuous

Structure: I am going / You aren't going / Are you going?

Time expressions: now, right now, at the moment, today, these days, this month, this year, at present, tonight, tomorrow, this afternoon, next Sunday, next week, next month.

Past Simple

Structure: I finished / He didn't finish / Did you finish?

Time expressions: yesterday, last year, two days ago, in 2004, when, then.

Past Continuous

Structure: I was writing / I wasn't writing / Was I writing?

Time expressions: last...

Symbolic Meanings: Hats, Doors, and Port Lights

The narrative explores a profound duality, often symbolized through everyday objects. Hats, for instance, represent contrasting worlds: one, the bohemian bourgeois sphere, and another, the vibrant realm of show business, embodied by characters like Paula Buby and her companions.

In the bohemian world, figures such as Don Rosario and Don Sacramento, alongside old military figures, exemplify a particular lifestyle. This contrasts sharply with the show business environment.

Contrasting Realities: Doors and Port Lights

Another significant duality is presented through doors. One door consistently leads to the bourgeois world, while the other opens to the world of entertainers. This recurring motif highlights...

The verb phrase and its kernel are essential components of a sentence. The verb serves as the core, acting as the predicate and a mandatory element.

Verb Accidents

Person and Number

Person: The verbal morpheme indicates whether the subject is the speaker (1st person), the listener (2nd person), or someone/something else (3rd person).

Number: This verbal morpheme expresses whether the subject is singular or plural.

Time, Manner, and Appearance

Time: This verbal accident indicates when the action of the verb occurs relative to the speaker.

Manner: This verbal accident allows the speaker to express their attitude towards the verbal action.

Appearance: This verbal accident refers to the internal development of the verbal action, indicating whether it is...

The Nabataeans: An Almost Forgotten Tribe

A3. The writer... TRUE: "There is one group who are unfairly overlooked."

A4. Some of... FALSE: "With their pillars and decorations, they share many similarities with Greek temples."

A5. After the... FALSE: "Petra remained inhabited for at least two more centuries."

A6. The Slayb... FALSE: "A Bedouin tribe called the Slayb could be the descendants of the Nabataeans."

Vocabulary and Historical Facts

• A7.1 Ignored: Overlooked
• A7.2 Disappeared: Vanished
• A8.1 A lot of money: Fortune
• A8.2 Became smaller or less: Declined

English Grammar and Language Practice

• B1. Does learning about ancient civilizations interest you?
• B2. The Nabataeans didn't have to leave Petra after the earthquake.
• B3. Despite the cold, we enjoyed the

Ejercicio 1: Model B (Suffixes)

1. Jobless
2. Honourable
3. Hopeful
4. Reliable
5. Imaginative
6. Materialistic
7. Stressful
8. Sympathetic
9. Sensitive
10. Homeless

Ejercicio 2: Noun Forms

1. Employment
2. Appreciation
3. Kindness
4. Stupidity
5. Friendship
6. Engagement
7. Neighbourhood
8. Donation
9. Cruelty
10. Helpfulness

Ejercicio 3: Gap Fill (Adjectives)

1. Stressful
2. Jobless
3. Honourable
4. Sensitive
5. Sympathetic

Ejercicio 1: Passive Form

1. Is being built
2. Was taken
3. Is made
4. Was chosen
5. Were not cleaned
6. Will be introduced
7. Has the new library been opened?
8. Was being painted

Ejercicio 2: Active & Passive Transformation

1. Active: A famous engineer designed the new bridge.
2. Passive: This TV show is watched by millions of people every week.
3. Passive: A certificate will be given to her at the ceremony.
4. Active: The workers are repairing the house at the moment.

The Role of Technology in Modern Life

Today, technology is everywhere, and almost everyone uses it every day. Mobile phones and computers help people communicate faster and perform tasks more easily. If technology did not exist, life would be more difficult for students and workers. Furthermore, people can learn many things on the internet very quickly.

However, technology also has some negative effects. Many teenagers spend too many hours on their phones and do not communicate enough with their families. Some people become addicted to social media, which can lead to stress or fatigue. If people used technology more mindfully, they would likely lead healthier lives.

Promoting Responsible Technology Use

In my opinion, technology is beneficial if...

English Grammar Practice Exercises

Test your knowledge of English grammar with these sentence structure and tense exercises:

• 1. How long have you had your tablet?
• 2. I haven’t been to a Rolling Stones concert for 25 years.
• 3. After David had written his mother an email, he apologized for his behavior.
• 4. I am having lunch with Joyce today.
• 5. He is the most famous person we have ever met.
• 6. Shaun stopped eating junk food a month ago.
• 7. Although it was raining, we went hiking.
• 8. Despite my complaints, I did not get a pay rise.
• 9. In spite of the new app being intuitive and user-friendly, I couldn’t get it installed.
• 10. There weren’t as many people at this meeting as at the last one.
• 11. Susie’s performance was more impressive than Adriana’s.

The Value of Volunteering for Personal Development

Nowadays, this topic is becoming increasingly relevant, especially among young people. In a world where society often focuses on individual success, volunteering offers a completely different perspective. It is a highly positive activity, but we should reflect on how it is introduced.

Benefits of Social Contribution

On one hand, volunteering helps young people develop empathy and social awareness. When you help others, you realize how fortunate you are and become more open-minded. It also teaches responsibility and fosters individual growth.

Career Advantages

In my experience, volunteering is also very useful for the future. It enhances your CV and demonstrates commitment and responsibility, traits...