Preserving Linguistic Diversity in Africa: Challenges and Solutions

Preserving Linguistic Diversity in Africa

Challenges and Solutions

Theme: The preservation of linguistic diversity in Africa

Exercise B: Sound and Silence

1. Sound: There is another one.

2. Sound: It affects it directly and vitally.

3. Closed: The processes that were already taking place there.

4. Open: To give it up.

Exercise C: Vocabulary

1. Separation

2. To wonder

3. Distance reached by the action or influence of something.

4. When you suddenly become aware of something.

Exercise 3: Sentence Types

1. Subordinate adjective or relative clause functioning as a noun complement.

2. Improper adverbial subordinate clause of purpose functioning as an adverbial clause of purpose.

3. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as a direct object.

4. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as the subject.

5. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as a predicative complement.

Exercise 4 & 5: Dialects and Sentence Types

1. Consecutive: I will tell him what I think tomorrow.

2. Northwestern: We need to study this subject more.

3. Balearic: It must be your friends who have come.

4 & 5. Southern / Apitxat: It must be very cold while running.

5. It is necessary that we arrive soon.

Exercise 6: Language and Society

1. Territorial bilingualism

2. Diglossia

3. Minoritized

4. Linguistic normalization

5. Minoritized language

Exercise 7: Historical Linguistics

1. The Christian

2. The regiment of public affairs

3. Reporters

4. Thematic division

5. The dialogue, the couple of the donkey (rare)

Personal Story: A Grandfather's Legacy

My grandfather on my mother's side was one of the greatest heroes in history. He saved many innocent lives in World War II and served the country by helping them as a doctor.

He once told me that during the war, people would come to him for help and he would give them pills to aid their recovery. These pills were then sold for a lot of money so that families could afford food. He also shared stories of soldiers with severe injuries who were left behind in hospitals, unable to fight. Many of them, knowing they were far from help and facing death from bleeding or starvation, chose to end their suffering through suicide.

After the war, my grandfather, safe and sound, went to England to work as a military doctor, recognized as one of the best of his time.

Activity 2: Passive Voice

1. Their friends were being helped by them with the shopping.

2. My car is washed by me twice a month.

3. This exam won't have been finished by them in 5 minutes.

4. Oxford had been visited by you on many occasions.

5. The film is being watched by her for the fifth time!

Transforming Sentences: Active to Passive Voice and Reported Speech

1. I have taken the train to Madrid. = The train to Madrid has been taken by me.

2. You were doing your homework all night! = Your homework was being done all night by you!

3. Steve Jobs invented the iPhone. = The iPhone was invented by Steve Jobs.

4. We will not make the same mistakes in our next English exam. = The same mistakes will not be made in our following English exam by us.

5. They bought the new car yesterday evening. = The new car was bought yesterday evening by them.

Reported Speech

6. “We must remember to phone our grandparents this weekend!” = They said (that) they had to phone their grandparents that weekend.

7. “Can you pass me the salt, please?” = He asked me if I could pass (him) the salt.

8. “She was running for over two hours and now she is exhausted.” = She said (that) she had been running for over 2 hours and then she was exhausted.

9. “They won’t travel to the USA until next year.” (next = the following) = They said that they wouldn’t travel to the USA until the following year.

10. “Will you watch the new series on Netflix tonight?” = She asked me if I would watch the new series on Netflix that night.