Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teacher training

Naming the Source

• According to [the text/professor]…
• The [text/professor] says that…
• The [text/professor] states that…
• In the [lecture], it was said that…

Listing

• …, for one.
• First,…
• Second,…
• The first point that the professor makes is…
• The second point [he/she] addresses is…
• Besides that,…
• Moreover,…
• What’s more,…
• Next,…
• There’s also the fact that…
• Furthermore,…
• Additionally,…
• Finally,…

Giving Examples

• For example,…
• For instance,…
• [The professor] provides the example of [noun]…
• [The professor] elaborates on this by explaining…

Reporting the Professor’s Opinion

• [The professor] believes that…
• [The professor] disagrees with the text in that…
• [He/she] points out that…
• [He/she] refutes [this point] by noting that…
• [He/

English-Spanish Vocabulary List

General Vocabulary

• all-round = completo
• cooperation = cooperación
• team work = trabajo en equipo
• diverse = diverso
• hands-on = práctico
• host = anfitrión
• training = entrenamiento
• alley = callejón
• clear = evidente
• commute = ir a trabajar
• crime rate = tasa de crimen
• destroy = destrozar
• equal = igual
• facility = facilidad
• free of charge = gratis
• giant = gigante
• housing = vivienda
• isolation = aislamiento
• lack of = falta de
• land = tierra
• landmark = punto de referencia
• let in = hacer pasar
• litter = basura del suelo
• mayor = alcalde
• neighbourhood = vecindario
• overcrowding = demasiada gente
• pavement = acera
• pay a fine = pagar una multa
• picturesque = pintoresco
• trek = caminata
• round the clock = 24/7
• population density = densidad de población
• set foot

MEMORANDUM

TO:All regional branches and franchise holders

FROM:Linguistic Atelier -Head Office

SUBJECT:Seminar on implementation Of STANAG6001 –5th edition

BACKGROUND. Since A new version of Standardization Agreement #6001 (STANAG6001) has been promulgated and should be ratified by all NATO Members by the end of June 2013,it Is necessary for all regional Schools operated under the name of Linguistic Atelier to familiarize with the current changes to the Language Proficiency Levels introduced by the agreement. Head Office expects all your Teachers conducting military English courses to participate in a June training On new military English tests And exam format. Our awareness of the recent changes to NATO standards of the language Courses we provide...

The 3 Types of Supporting Materials

Supporting materials in a speech are crucial for building credibility and persuading the audience. They can be examples, testimonies, and statistics and facts.

Examples

Examples can be brief, extended, or hypothetical, providing different perspectives on the topic.

Testimonies

Testimonies, whether from experts or eyewitnesses, add credibility to the speech.

Facts and Statistics

Facts are documented information, while statistics quantify evidence to support the speaker's points.

The 3 Persuasive Appeals by Aristoteles

Aristoteles identified three persuasive appeals: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos.

Logos

Logos appeals to logical reason and encompasses the content and arguments of the speech.

Pathos

Pathos appeals to the emotions...

TOPIC 1: Language as Communication

1. Introduction (Krashen)

2. Language as Communication

2.1. Language Definition (Chomsky 57, Hall 64, Hockett 60)

2.2. The Communication Process (Jakobson 60)

2.3. Language as a Means of Communication (Widdowson 78)

3. Oral and Written Language (Halliday 89)

3.1. Development of Oral and Written Language (Skinner 57)

3.2. Development and Improvement of Oral Language

3.3. Development and Improvement of Written Language (Piaget)

3.4. Characteristics of Oral and Written Language (McLaren 95)

3.5. Pedagogical Implications

4. Factors Defining a Communicative Situation (Jakobson 60)

5. Functions of Language

6. Language as Communication in the Foreign Language Curriculum (RD126, Art7, Canale & Swain 80)

TOPIC 2: Communication

Linguistic Theories of Language

1. Behaviorism: According to behaviorism, habits form when learners' responses to external stimuli are positively reinforced. To behaviorist psychologists, language is another form of behavior that can be conditioned. The language teaching method associated with behaviorism is called audiolingualism. In this method, the stimulus-response-reinforcement cycle is realized through practice drills.

2. Structuralism: Originating partly from the work of Saussure, structuralism posits that language is speech, not writing. This means spoken language is paramount, and what a native speaker says is vital for learning.

3. Humanism: Humanistic approaches emerged in the mid-twentieth century, partly as a reaction to "de-humanizing" psychology.

Lesson 4

→ Reading

Auction: Subasta
Pristine: Virgen
Drilling: Perforación
Bid: Puja

Words from the Text

-Freedom: Libertad
-Unexpected: Inesperado
-Wilderness: Tierra salvaje
-Court: Juzgado
-Outspoken: Declarado
-Trial: Juicio
-Guilty: Culpable

Logical Connection

-Activist: Activista
-Treasure: Tesoro
-Faces: Afrontar
-Approached: Acercarse
-In shock: Impactado
-Convicted: Condenado
-Regret: Lamentar
-Charged with: Acusado de

The Negative Meaning: un-, dis-, im-, in- or il-

-Unspoilt: En su estado natural
-Dishonest: Poco honrado
-Incomplete: Incompleto
-Illegal: Ilegal
-Impolite: Mala educación
-Inactive: Inactivo
-Disapprove: Estar en contra de
-Unbelievable: Increíble

Specific Meanings: inter-, over-, under-, re- and mis-

-Overpopulated: Superpoblado
-Misunderstand:...

Cover Letter

Dear Mr. Rodriguez,

I am writing to express my interest in the Shop Assistant position at Fotoprix, as advertised.

Relevant Experience

• Waiter, Hotel Front Maritim
• Auxiliary Assistant, Fotoprix
• Cashier, Caprabo

Education

• Upper Vocational Training in Management and Commercial Space (currently pursuing)
• Secondary School Diploma, Xxv Olimpiada
• Middle Training in Commerce

Skills and Qualifications

• Fluent in Spanish and Catalan
• Excellent customer service skills
• Experience in sales and retail operations
• Strong work ethic and attention to detail

Availability

I am available for immediate employment.

Contact Information

Please feel free to contact me at 66666 or [email protected].

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,

Israel Soria