Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Sport and physical education for University

Down and Trimmed by the Stern

Deck Line

General Considerations

• Good physical conditions and staying healthy.
• Misusing of alcohol or drugs.
• Do not drink alcohol while undergoing medical treatment.
• Personal cleanliness is essential.
• Use a protective cream on your skin.
• Clean all cuts and abrasions to prevent infections.

Working Clothing

• Working clothes should be comfortable but sufficiently close-fitting.
• Gaping pockets, sweat rags, watch straps, and rings are easily caught in moving machinery.
• Wear industrial footwear with slip-resistant

WHO Definitions (1983)

For the WHO (1983), impairment is any loss or abnormality of structure or function, psychological, physiological, or anatomical; disability relates to the absence, due to impairments, of the ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being; and handicap refers to a disadvantage for an individual, a social consequence of impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role considered normal depending on age group, sex, social, and cultural factors.

For WHO, disability is the lack (resulting from an impairment) of the ability to perform an activity normally.

Disability Definition in Chile (Ley 19.284)

DISABILITY: According to Ley 19.284, a person is considered...

Clavicle Fracture Rehabilitation Protocol

Consolidation: 6-12 weeks | Rehabilitation: 10-12 weeks

Treatment: Suburethral support (load distribution for secondary consolidation). Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws for primary consolidation, or needle fixation for secondary consolidation.

Phase 1: Days 1 to 7

• Do not mobilize the extremity.
• Keep the shoulder adducted with internal rotation and the elbow at 90 degrees of flexion.

Phase 2: Weeks 2 to 4

• Maintain shoulder adduction and internal rotation.
• Perform isometric exercises for the deltoid and distal muscles by the 4th week.

Phase 3: Weeks 4 to 6

• Assisted passive movement until week 6.
• Week 5: Soft active movement (maximum 80-degree abduction).
• Pendulum exercises without

Trapezius Muscle

The trapezius muscle is a large, superficial muscle that extends from the skull to the last thoracic vertebra and laterally to the spine of the scapula. It occupies the center of the spine on both sides. Although often described as trapezoid-shaped, it is actually triangular. The appearance of a trapeze comes from the combination of the two trapezius muscles.

Sternomastoid Muscle

The sternomastoid muscle is located at all levels, running from back to front. It originates at the mastoid process of the temporal bone, immediately behind the external auditory meatus. One muscle belly terminates at the sternal manubrium, while the other terminates at the upper middle third of the clavicle, leaving a space between them. It acts as an...

Cutrera Recreational Games Classification

Gymnastic Games, Aerobics, or Philological

These games involve physical actions that require a certain level of activation. They often incorporate gymnastic or athletic elements and can be demanding aerobic activities.

Intellectual or Wit Games

These activities involve two fundamental aspects: firstly, the application of intellectual knowledge (pure knowledge), and secondly, the sharpening of wit. Sometimes, this involves solving complex problems, while at other times, it may simply involve humorous definitions.

Reaction or Attention Games

These games train the psychomotor speed of response to specific stimuli or require constant attention to avoid errors. They are very practical for restoring order in children'...

Overload Principle

For training to have positive effects and cause appropriate physiological adaptations, it is necessary that the intensity of the workload exceeds a minimum level, often referred to as the threshold.

Principle of Progression

The work performed must be raised gradually. If you always train at the same level, the body adapts to that effort and ceases to undergo further physiological adaptations.

Variety in Training

If you consistently perform the same technical and physical exercises, you risk falling into monotony and boredom, leading to stagnation in improvement. To overcome this problem, trainers should apply a wide range of varied exercises.

Supercompensation and Recovery

Work and rest are closely linked in training. A specific...

Step 1: Identifying Learning Gaps and Initial Decisions

During the Handball Unit (UD), the teacher notices that a group of students have failed to achieve the initial objectives. To reinforce their learning, the teacher decides to implement more specific alternative activities. This also serves to evaluate the evolution of these students.

Step 2: Defining Key Assessment Data

The teacher considers it necessary to collect information on technical and tactical aspects of handball, as well as behaviors established between peers. This includes assessing if a student can dribble with one hand, perform a suspension shot, identify common mistakes, or show consideration for teammates. This collection will serve to inform about the students' evolution.

Step

Understanding English Speech Sounds

Manner of Articulation

• Plosive: Air is completely stopped, then released suddenly.
• Affricate: Air is stopped, then released gradually with friction.
• Fricative: Air is forced through a narrow channel, creating audible friction.
• Nasal: Air flows through the nasal cavity, with a complete closure in the oral cavity.
• Lateral: Air flows around the sides of the tongue.
• Approximant: Articulators approach but do not touch, creating a wide opening without significant friction.

Place of Articulation

• Bilabial: Both lips come together.
• Labiodental: The lower lip touches the upper teeth.
• Dental: The tongue tip or blade touches the upper teeth.
• Alveolar: The tongue tip or blade touches the alveolar ridge (the gum ridge behind the upper

Objectives of Clinical Palpation

According to Philip Greenman, the primary objectives of palpation are:

• To detect normal or abnormal tissue texture.
• To examine the symmetry of anatomical structures.
• To detect and assess changes in movement quality, flow, and feel.
• To determine the position in space of various structures.
• To detect and evaluate pathological changes.

Tactile Discrimination and Sensory Areas

Tactile discrimination is defined as the minimum distance between two point stimuli that are perceptible as distinct. The areas of the body with the greatest capacity for discrimination (high capacity of 1-3 mm) are the tongue, the lips, and the fingertips.

Sensory Receptors and Stimuli Types

• Mechanoreceptors: Indicate mechanical deformation.
• Proprioceptors: