Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Social sciences for Primary education

1. British Colonies: Negatives and Positives

Negative things

British colonies.

• Their behavior toward the Native Americans was abusive; they did not want any relation with them.
• They intended to grab North American territory that had been claimed by Spain.
• They raided Spanish ships full of gold and silver when those ships were coming from Mexico.
• Sir Walter Raleigh organized a colony; he returned to England to bring food, people, and resources, and he never came back.
• Jamestown, at the beginning, was not fruitful because many people in the colony were of the upper class or soldiers, and they knew nothing about agriculture.
• Many people in Jamestown died from mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, because the colony was located in a marshy area.

Majority...

The Traditional Basque Novel (Late 19th Century to 1936)

The traditional Basque novel emerged in the late 19th century and continued until the period surrounding the Spanish Civil War (1936). This literary tradition exhibits several defining characteristics:

• Romantic Roots: It is fundamentally rooted in the romantic novel tradition.
• Focus on Customs: Writers were sensitive to local customs, often highlighting the risk of their loss or change.
• Idealization of Rural Life: There is a strong idealization of the people in villages and coastal communities.
• Religious Influence: The Catholic religion carries significant weight, often presenting an open pastoral tone.
• Narrative Style: These novels are typically descriptive, sometimes featuring weak or intricate

p. Of conferral: those Competences that the MS freely accept to confer to the union

p. Of subs:circumst. In which its preferable for action to be taken by the Union, Rather than the MS

p. Of prop: the action of the EU must be limited to What is necessary to achieve the objectives of the treaties.

Excl: commercial, competition, customs Union, monetary, fisheries.

Shared: internal mkt, trasnsport, environment, Agriculture

Directives: legislative act that sets out a Goal that all MS must achieve. The MS achieve particular results without Dictating the means, don’t require implementing measures. Need to be transposed Into national law.

Regulations: legislative act that becomes Unforceable as law in all MS simultaneously.

European Commission: Jean Claude...

Understanding History: Concepts and Perspectives

Defining History

History as Event vs. Interpretation

There are two proposals regarding the word 'history': history as an event and history as an interpretation.

History as an event: We refer to this as a historical echo phenomenon, a popular domain.

The only difference in history is the scientists involved in order to validate the above.

History as a Science

History as a science can be defined through humanity over time.

Key Thinkers on History

• For Marc Bloch, history is the science of men in time.
• The central idea of José Cecilio del Valle's concept of history was a course in moral, political, and economic sciences.
• For Miguel, history is the scientific study of societies through time.

The fundamental...

Award-Winning Climate Change Documentary

The documentary produced by the environmental NGO in collaboration with the Boreal Chamber highlights the local effects of climate change. After participating in the International Film Festival for the Environment (FICMA) in Barcelona and the Environmental Film Festival Accra (EFFA), the project has won a prestigious prize in Pamplona.

The film consists of four short segments that offer diverse perspectives from Spanish society, providing a unique and comprehensive look at the climate crisis.

Educational Impact in Navarre

The documentary is now part of the official educational curriculum in Navarre, designed to raise awareness among young people. One segment specifically emphasizes the role of students in...

Matthew Arnold: The Victorian Critic

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) was a prominent Victorian poet and critic. He defines literary criticism as a "disinterested endeavour to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world." He strove hard to fulfil this aim in his critical writings. Attaching paramount importance to poetry in his essay "The Study of Poetry," he regards the poet as a seer. Without poetry, science is incomplete, and much of religion and philosophy would, in the future, be replaced by poetry. Such, in his estimate, are the high destinies of poetry.

Poetry as a Criticism of Life

Arnold asserts that literature, and especially poetry, is a "criticism of life." In poetry, this criticism of life must conform to the laws...

Understanding Key Social Concepts

Ideologies and Economic Systems

Sexism

Sexism refers to the ideology that one sex is superior to the other, often leading to unequal treatment and discrimination.

Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, accumulation of capital, and profit-driven markets.

Social Inequality and Deviance

Discrimination

Discrimination involves the unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics like race, ethnicity, religion, sex, or social class.

Labeling Theory

Labeling theory posits that individuals may adopt deviant identities when labeled as such by others, regardless of their actual behavior.

Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding...

Theme 2: The Constitution as a Legal Standard

The Democratic Legitimacy of the State

• Supreme Legal Rule: The Spanish Constitution (EC) acts as the supreme legal norm within the system.
• Material Content: It is a formal text containing legal norms derived from the constituent power.

In a democratic state, the holder of the constituent power is the people, ensuring that all citizens are governed by rules they have collectively established.

• Sources of Law: Regulates the creation of valid legal norms.
• Constitutional Bodies: Defines the powers, functions, and composition of state institutions.
• Citizen Status: Establishes the rights and duties granted to individuals.
• Constitutional Reform: Outlines the specific procedures required for amending the text.
• Stability:

Recognition of National Pluralism in Spain

• The Spanish Constitution (EC) recognizes that Spain is a plural reality, often described as a "Nation of Nations."
• The Spanish nation is composed of different national and regional realities. While the constitutional text does not explicitly distinguish between them in legal treatment, Temporary Provision 2 ensures that Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia could achieve political autonomy rapidly via Article 151 CE due to their status as "historic nationalities" and their distinct historical national attitudes.

The Principle of Autonomy

• The EC recognizes and guarantees the right to autonomy for nationalities and regions, as well as solidarity among them.
• Autonomy is the result of exercising a right

The Spanish Constitution of 1837

In September and October 1836, elections were held for the Constituent Assembly (or Cortes Extraordinarias), though the atmosphere was one of indifference due to the Carlist War. The Cortes approved a new Constitution on June 8, 1837, which established national sovereignty while accepting the moderating power of the Crown. It included a broad statement of rights and lacked a religious denomination, reflecting progressive aspirations. However, it also granted significant power to the Crown and restricted suffrage. Another measure of great importance was that the central government could no longer elect the mayors of cities; instead, they would be elected by the residents themselves.

The Regency of General Espartero

Following...