Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Determinants of Health

Social Determinants and Health and Disease

Influencing Social Determinants

The way of life and the health, healthy life styles

Determinants of Health:

• Factors which, combined together, affect the health of individuals and communities → whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment
• E.g. as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family
• Note: the more commonly considered factors such as access and use of health care services often have less of an impact

The determinants of health generally include:

• The social and economic environment
• The physical environment
• The person’s individual characteristics and

1. British Colonies: Negatives and Positives

Negative things

British colonies.

• Their behavior toward the Native Americans was abusive; they did not want any relation with them.
• They intended to grab North American territory that had been claimed by Spain.
• They raided Spanish ships full of gold and silver when those ships were coming from Mexico.
• Sir Walter Raleigh organized a colony; he returned to England to bring food, people, and resources, and he never came back.
• Jamestown, at the beginning, was not fruitful because many people in the colony were of the upper class or soldiers, and they knew nothing about agriculture.
• Many people in Jamestown died from mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, because the colony was located in a marshy area.

Majority... Continue reading "Colonial Americas: British, Spanish, French, Dutch Relations" »

Anorexia: Teenagers Affected Nearly Doubled

One of the most striking results to emerge from a recent survey is that the number of teenagers who suffer from Anorexia has nearly doubled in the last three years. This devastating social scourge is causing immense suffering.

Rising Crisis of Domestic Violence

Have you ever met a victim of domestic violence? What could we do to stop this social scourge? According to a recent survey carried out by El Mundo newspaper, the number of women who suffer from domestic violence has been increasing very seriously since 2009.

Addressing this issue requires collaboration: Politicians, teachers, doctors, and educators should work together to try to solve this serious problem.

Migration: Increase in Undocumented Arrivals

What... Continue reading "Addressing Critical Social Issues: Youth, Health, and Safety" »

The Strategy Concept - 5 Ps

1. For McDonald's, the egg comes first. False
2. Honda did not go after the biggest market. True
3. Mintzberg's five P's are all true definitions of strategy. True
4. Raises intriguing questions about intention: Perspective
5. Not one of Mintzberg's 5 P's: Perception
6. An ingrained way of perceiving the world: Perspective
7. Consistency in behavior: Pattern
8. Some sort of consciously intended course of action: Plan
9. Really just a specific maneuver: Ploy
10. A product or market: Position
11. The most difficult to change: Perspective
12. The most powerful: Perspective
13. Focused on direct competition: Ploy
14. The achievement of consistency: Pattern
15. Encourages us to look at the survival of the fittest: Position
16. How leaders try to establish direction for their organizations:

Cont 4: New Movement Shift from Faith to Science

It started questioning what’s happening around him/her. Nature went from being feared and respected to something to be tamed and subdued. During the period of conquest, modern anthropology was birthed. Michel Eyquem put forward a very important aspect at the basis of modern anthropology, which is relativism (written by looking at cannibalism). It is the belief that there is no absolute truth, only the truth that a particular individual or culture happens to believe.

Second Shock: Raw Materials to Semi-Finished Products

The industrial system experienced a revolution in each country, leading to more factories and increased human labor. This enabled another idea of evolutionism to appear (Darwin)... Continue reading "The Evolution of Anthropology: From Faith to Science" »

Impact of Factories on Society

The establishment of factories was a pivotal development during the Industrial Revolution, profoundly transforming daily life and society. This document examines the most significant impacts of the factory system, focusing on both the economic shifts it brought about and the severe conditions endured by child laborers.

Economic Shifts and Urbanization

Factories played a crucial role in the burgeoning economy. Prior to their advent, economies were predominantly agrarian. The rise of factories spurred mass migration to cities for various reasons. Initially, factories offered abundant job opportunities with relatively good wages, leading to increased wealth generation. However, as factory efficiency improved and automation... Continue reading "Industrial Revolution: Factories, Economy, and Child Labor" »

The Agrarian Revolution

The agrarian revolution started in England in the first half of the 18th century. There were changes in land property innovations in respect to farming techniques.

• There was a concentration of land plots (complots), in which common land became private property, meant the loss of rights of the peasant. As a consequence, part of the rural population had to migrate to the cities, where they looked for work in the factories, becoming part of the incipient proletariat.

The Technical Revolution

The technical revolution occurred particularly in two areas:

• Energy: The invention of the steam engine by Watt was the motor of change. The steam engine could be applied to the textile industry and to transport, of the steam train and the

The Constant Role of Language Learning

Throughout the history of education, learning a foreign language or languages has been a constant component. Of course, many people feel that this is really an unnecessary part of education for everyone, but this is not a point of view that I share.

Arguments Against Mandatory Language Learning

Opponents of learning a foreign language might argue that most people do not travel that often outside their own country. In addition to this, out of all the countries of the world, comparatively few share the same language. Therefore, learning a foreign language will only be useful for the very limited time that one spends in a country where this language is used. For some people, the language might never be used... Continue reading "The Enduring Value of Learning Languages in Education" »

The Challenge to the Conservative Order

A series of uprisings, revolutions, and wars challenged the Conservative Order in 1820, 1830, and 1848. They were strongly influenced by the following factors:

• Liberalism: The French Revolution proved it was possible to end royal absolutism and spread the ideals of 'Liberty, Equality, and Brotherhood' throughout Europe. According to liberalism, the powers of a monarch needed to be restricted by a constitution that respected the people.
• Nationalism: National identities grew in many parts of Europe in response to the Napoleonic invasion. There were national movements in states like the Ottoman and Austrian Empires, which ruled over many different peoples.

The Revolutions of 1820 and 1830

• Spain: There was a period

Why the Upsurge in Globalization?

1. Increased Customer Demands and Access

• Demand for more value for money
• Preference for global brands over local brands
• Access to global distributors

2. Increased Technological Innovation

Improved ICT facilitates access to markets, partners, and global networks.

3. Increased Power of Emerging Markets

4. Increased Globalization of Financial Markets

5. Shared R&D and Global Sourcing

• Companies spread their research across multiple countries.
• Outsourcing is more of a rule than an exception.

6. Evolving Government Trade Policies

Governments try to attract foreign investments.

Consequences of Globalization

Pros

• Free Trade Objective: No borders, fewer tariffs, lower prices, cost reduction, open markets.
• More Employment: New jobs,