Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Music for Secondary education

The Transformation of Theater in the Late 1970s

At the end of the 1970s, a form of theater emerged that departed from traditional representation and settings where the text took a secondary role. During this period, non-commercial and non-professional theater groups proliferated. There was a surge of interest in theater at all levels, leading to the creation of university theaters, experimental theaters focusing on the importance of the actor and their behavior at work, and amateur theaters.

Theater was conceived as a spectacle in which the literary text became secondary. It involved an allegorical, abstract, and symbolic language based on technical innovations and the inclusion of special effects.

The Renovation of Spanish Theater

In Spain, theater...

Rano kršćanstvo i progoni kršćana

1. Središta: Jeruzalem (Jakov), Antiohija, Rim (Petar). Apostol progona: Pavao.
2. Progon kršćana: Nastao zbog odbijanja carskog kulta. Prvi progoni: car Neron, 64. godine. Najkrvaviji progoni: car Dioklecijan.
3. Sloboda kršćanstva: Milanski edikt 313. godine (car Konstantin).

Srednjovjekovno redovništvo i raskol

5. Benediktinci: Osnovani 528. godine na Monte Cassinu.
6. Pravilo: Ora et labora (Moli i radi).
7. Prvi crkveni raskol: Borba Rima i Carigrada za prvenstvo u Crkvi (1054. godine).
8. Križarski ratovi: Vođeni radi oslobođenja Svete zemlje od islama. Održano je ukupno 8 ratova (1099. – 1270.).
9. Inkvizicija: Crkvena organizacija osnovana za borbu protiv krivovjerja.
10. Vrste inkvizicije: Rimska i španjolska inkvizicija

Irregular Verbs: Base, Past, Past Participle, Spanish

This table lists each verb's base form, past simple, past participle, and the Spanish translation. All original forms and variants are preserved.

Notes:

Fundamentals of Rhythm and Melody

• Rhythm: Defined as the ordering of sounds and silences in time.
• Binary Sequence: Consists of two stages, alternating between strong and weak beats.
• Accents: Small angle-shaped signs placed above or below notes to emphasize a strong pulse.
• Syncopation: The anticipation of stress by attacking a note on a weak beat that carries over into a strong beat.
• Melody: A linear sequence of musical tones that express a cohesive musical idea.

The Major Diatonic Scale

The major diatonic scale is modeled after the natural C major scale, featuring semitones between the III-IV and VII-VIII degrees. The most important notes include:

• Tonic (I): The note that defines the key or scale.
• Dominant (V): The "magnet" note that exerts influence

Michelangelo (1475–1564) was an extraordinary architect, sculptor, and painter. His most notable works are the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, which feature scenes full of movement and expression.

Raphael (1483–1520) is considered the quintessential Renaissance painter for his perfection in color and drawing. His compositions, such as the frescoes for the Vatican's Stanza della Segnatura—including The School of Athens—and his various depictions of the Madonna, remain iconic.

Titian (1490–1576) was the greatest painter of Venice. Venetian painters were characterized by their use of color and richness of representation. Titian is the author of excellent portraits, as well as religious and mythological paintings.

Renaissance Sculpture

Renaissance...

Music Religiosa:

Gregorian Song: El repertori broad de música religiosa incluye el canto gregoriano y se ha convertido en la canción oficial de la Iglesia Católica. Características: monódico, ritmo libre, es modal (la música reconoce que cada voz tiene su propio carácter) y cultural, saludable, melismático, numático, silábico, homofónico, responsorial, antiphonal, y canto ambitus.

- Monódico: 1a voz. Polifónico: 2 o más voces.

- Numática: La notación que sirve para representar la música en la antigüedad consistía en signos gráficos que representaban una o más notas. Nota: La notación cuadrada se utiliza para el canto gregoriano (líneas de cuatro) con la primera línea como referencia (números-notas).

- Notación Mensural:

Director is responsible for carrying out the interpretation of the music when this is done by an orchestra, through which traces paths in the air with the revival batuta.En composer and conductor were the same person. In the Baroque marking time with a kind of cane giving the ground. The first conductor was Hans von Bülow. The best known are currently Claudio Abbado, Daniel Barenboim, Leonard Bernstein, Lorin Maazel. Etc. ..

INTERPRETER interpreter in Greece and Rome and creator were the same person, usually the interpreter has a conservatory and academic training often works in orchestras or chamber groups, you can also join gangs. It can be interpreted as a singer, solo instrumental, chamber music or a G-major.

COMPOSER is the person who...

The Renaissance: Humanism and Classical Culture

The Renaissance in the 16th century was built around two core concepts: the assessment of the individual and, above all, the rediscovery of classical culture. The use of religious language was conditioned by several factors: the growing political influence of Spain and the new trends that drove the Renaissance, using Latin as the primary language of culture. In sacramental acts, theatrical pieces were developed as one-act plays with an allegorical character.

Prose works included the Colloquies of the Famous City of Tortosa by Cristòfor Despuig, which covered a variety of topics in what was a first attempt at the essay form. In poetry, Joan Timoneda published Flor d'enamorats, featuring a fifth...

A nova narrativa galega

A nova narrativa galega: entre os anos 60 e 70 xorde unha nova xeración de autores que promoven unha renovación importante da nosa narrativa, influenciados polas correntes literarias europeas do momento.

Estes son os seus trazos básicos:

Temas

• A soidade e a angustia absurda ante a existencia ou o mundo.
• A conciencia urbana, os espazos oníricos, as pesadelos inquietantes e os ambientes claustrofóbicos.

Técnicas narrativas

• Narración en primeira persoa, en forma de monólogo interior.
• Quebra temporal: o tempo non avanza de forma lineal, con avances e retrocesos.
• Pluriperspectivismo: diferentes voces narrativas.

Autores representativos

Algúns dos autores da nova narrativa galega son: Ferrín, Casares, G. R. Mourullo, María...

The 18th Century: The Age of Enlightenment

The 18th century is known as the century of the Enlightenment, which is an intellectual movement that strives to achieve a more educated society based on reason and progress. This movement started in France and spread to other European countries. The thinking that dominates in this period is rationalism. On the basis of reason, intellectuals questioned many of the social, philosophical, and religious approaches that had been in force in Europe for centuries.

Music in the Classical Period

• At this time, public concerts became generalized throughout Europe, allowing musicians to compose independently of a patron or an institution.
• Classicism tries to produce less complex, clearer, and more accessible music.