Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Medicine and health sciences for Secondary education

Essential Phrasal Verbs for English Fluency

This comprehensive glossary lists common phrasal verbs and their definitions, structured alphabetically for easy reference.

A-D Phrasal Verbs

• bend over: Bow, become curved.
• carry on: Continue.
• carry off: Win, succeed in a difficult situation.
• carry out: Accomplish or execute; do something.
• come along: Go with.
• come on: Let’s go (used for motivation).
• come up: To manifest oneself, appear, or arise.
• come up with: Provide an idea or answer; find a solution.
• cry out: Exclaim; cry loudly.
• cut up: Cut into small pieces.
• die away: Lose strength, become weak (usually referring to noise).
• do up: Tie.

E-G Phrasal Verbs

• eat up: Eat quickly.
• fall down: Collapse.
• fall out with: Argue with someone.
• feel up to: Feel capable of doing

Essential Travel Phrases, Idioms, and Vocabulary

Travel Actions and Phrasal Verbs

• Taxied (e.g., an aircraft moving on the ground before takeoff or after landing)
• Take off (e.g., an aircraft leaving the ground; to begin a journey quickly)
• Give you a lift (offer someone a ride in a vehicle)
• Delayed (postponed or running late)
• Boarded (got on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle)
• Rest (relax or cease activity)
• Head for: Go in the direction of a particular place.
• Come up with: Think of or produce an idea or plan.
• Turn out: Attend or take part in an event; or to happen in a particular way.
• Come across: Find something or meet someone by chance.
• Get about / Get around: Move from place to place.
• See off: Go to an airport, station, etc., to say goodbye to someone

UNIDAD 6

2. Present Continuous

• I'm learning English now
• They aren't studying at the moment
• She isn't sleeping now
• What are they eating? They're eating sandwiches
• Are you doing your homework? I am
• Is he phoning his friend? he isn't

3. Present Continuous Exercises

• Listens
• 's/ is reading
• Aren't/are not eating
• Don't watch
• Are, doing
• Does, go
• Are, playing
• Do, get

4. Numbers

• 1.2 2.2 3.1 4.2 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.2 9.1 10.2 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.1 15.1 16.2

UNIDAD 7

B. Past Simple: Was/Were

• There was some milk
• Were there any sweets?
• There were two tennis rackets
• There was a printer in the bedroom
• Was there a cat in the sitting room?
• There were some books in the bag
• Was there any butter in the kitchen?
• There wasn't any butter in the fridge
• Were there any sofas in the hall?
• There wasn't any

Fate

From the beginning, we know that the story of Romeo and Juliet will end in tragedy. We also know that their tragic ends will not result from their own personal defects but from fate, which has marked them for sorrow. Emphasizing fate's control over their destinies, the Prologue tells us these 'star-cross'd lovers' relationship is deathmark'd.

In Act I, Scene ii, as Lord Capulet's servant is searching for someone who can read the guest list to him, Benvolio and Romeo enter. Completely by chance, Capulet's servant meets Romeo and Benvolio, wondering if they know how to read. This accidental meeting emphasizes the importance of fate in the play. Romeo claims it is his 'fortune' to read — indeed, 'fortune' or chance has led Capulet's servant...

Understanding the Basics

When converting direct speech to indirect speech (also known as reported speech), several changes typically occur in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. The following tables provide a comprehensive look at these transformations.

Tense Changes

Pronoun and Adverb Changes

Foundations of Health and Well-being

Defining Health

Health encompasses social, cultural, economic, and biological factors, leading to continuous change.

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that health is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease, plus the ability to function.

Levels of Health and Well-being

Achieving a perfect state of health involves optimal physical and mental well-being, leading to a perfect state of welfare.

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Primary Health Care (PHC) is defined as essential assistance that should be generally available to all individuals and families in the community, through appropriate means accessible to them.

PHC Actions and Cost Reduction

1. Promotion
2. Protection

Global Water Scarcity and Usage Facts

Key Water Consumption Statistics

Use the numbers below to complete the sentences:

• 13,000
• 1.5 to 2
• 80%
• 2.6
• 100

1. It takes 100 liters of water to grow one kilogram of potatoes, and it takes 13,000 liters to produce one kilogram of beef.
2. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests 1.5 to 2 gallons of water per day as the bare minimum for survival.
3. Infectious waterborne diseases are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in the developing world.
4. As many as 2.6 billion people on the planet do not have enough water for sanitation.

Understanding the Global Water Crisis

Q&A on Water Usage

1. What is the relationship between the amount of water people use every day and a global water crisis?

   People use a lot of water (0.5

Recommendations for Good Nutrition

• Prefer vegetable fats
• Roast or steam meat
• Replace fatty foods with fruit desserts

A balanced diet requires a greater quantity of nutrients to meet requirements that require continued growth. Eating breakfast is essential. Being empty stomach can cause diseases such as gastritis.

Obesity

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excess fat, which in turn results in weight gain, surpassing by 15% the target weight, due to increased fat reserves. Obesity is the most common disorder of developed societies. We must demystify the popular belief that excess weight is determined by the amount of fluid retention.

Causes of Obesity

• Endocrine: Due to a malfunction of the endocrine glands, such as the pituitary, thyroid,