Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine and health sciences

Understanding Relationships & Personal Ownership

Key Relationship Vocabulary

• Ask (someone) out - pedir salir
• Be on the rebound - estar en el rebote
• Be seeing (someone) - estar saliendo con alguien
• Be through (with someone) - haber terminado con alguien
• Break off (a relationship) - romper una relación
• Cheat on (someone) - ser infiel a alguien
• Dump (someone) - dejar a alguien
• Fancy (someone) - que te atraiga alguien
• Have a crush on (someone) - tener atracción por alguien
• Have a date with (someone)
• Have a row with (someone) - tener una discusión
• Hurt (someone) - herir a alguien (emocionalmente)
• On the rocks - a punto de desmoronarse (una relación)
• Split up with (someone) - separarse de alguien
• There are plenty more fish in the sea - hay muchas más personas

Medical English Phrases for Nurses

Questions and Answers

If a patient tells you "the pain never goes away", what does he mean?

The pain is constant.

¿En qué parte cambia de color? Find the English word that means:

A bruising / Find the English word that means

"The period worked by a group of nurses"?

Shift / I told the nurse that

My symptoms were dizziness, sickness and constipation?

I felt dizzy, sick and constipated.

Choose the correct statement about the nursing grades in the UK:

• Student nurses, who are still in training, get the lowest pay, but they don't stay at the bottom of the pay scale forever.

Linda dijo a la enfermera: se había dado un golpe el día antes, ¿qué síntomas podría tener?

Bruising, aching and swelling.

How do you say in English

PRESENT SIMPLE

I-you-we-they -> cook, (cocina) don't

He-She-It -> cooks, washes (cocina) doesn't

PAST SIMPLE

I-you-we-they -> cooked (cocinó) didn't cook

He-She-It -> cooked (cocinó) didn't cook

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I-you-we-they -> am-Are cooking (cocinando) not-aren't

He-She-It -> is cooking (cocinando) isn't

PAST CONTINUOUS

you-we-they -> were cooking (estaban cocinando) weren't cooking

I-he-she-it -> was cooking (estaba cocinando) wasn't cooking

PRESENT PERFECT

i-you-we-they have eaten- haven't

he-she-it has eaten hasn't

PAST PERFECT

I-you-we-they - had eaten- hadn't eaten

he-she-it- had eaten hadn't cooked

FUTURE SIMPLE

i-you-we-they - will win - won't

he-she-it- will win - won't

FUTURE PERFECT

i-you-we-they-he-she-it- will have lost...

Elevate Your Vocabulary

Ineffable - Beyond description; too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words.

Cromulent - Acceptable or adequate.

Nescient - Lacking knowledge; ignorant.

Déjà vu - The feeling that one has seen or experienced something before.

Sad-lugubrious - Excessively mournful.

Saturnine - Gloomy or taciturn.

Foudroyant-dazzling - Stunningly brilliant.

Ossified - Become fixed and rigid.

Faux - False; not genuine.

Indelible - Long-lasting; cannot be erased.

Imbroglio - A complicated situation.

Unrelenting - Not giving up; persistent.

Coup de foudre - Love at first sight.

Succumb - Give in to.

Nefarious - Wicked; despicable.

Stoic - Able to tolerate hardship without complaint.

Cachinnate - To laugh loudly.

En route - On the way.

Myriad...

Spallanzani and Spontaneous Generation

Lazzaro Spallanzani repeated Needham's experiment, but instead, he removed the air from the flask. No growth occurred, so he disproved the theory.

Louis Pasteur and Microorganisms

Louis Pasteur demonstrated that air is full of microorganisms by passing air through gun cotton filters. The filter trapped tiny particles floating in the air. By dissolving the cotton in a mixture of ether and alcohol, particles were released and then settled to the bottom of the liquid. It revealed numerous microbes that resembled various types of bacteria. He realized that if bacteria were present in the air, then they would likely land on and contaminate anything exposed to it.

Abiogenesis vs. Biogenesis

• Abiogenesis: The study

Key Facts About Vitamin C and Ascorbic Acid

Essential Insights on Vitamin C

• Most animals (excluding guinea pigs, apes, and humans) synthesize ascorbic acid from L-guluronic lactone.
• The daily requirement for Vitamin C is approximately 100 mg, increasing to 1,000 mg during illness.
• Vitamin C determination is typically performed using the Tillmans Method.
• The Tillmans Method relies on the reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol by L-ascorbic acid.
• According to available data, Dried Wild Rose contains the highest level of Vitamin C, at 1,700 mg.

Direct Health Consequences of Tobacco Use

Smoking is a direct path to severe health deterioration. Currently, approximately half of the men and a quarter of the women globally engage in smoking. Some mistakenly believe that refraining from smoking is pointless, given that many urban and even rural inhabitants breathe air contaminated with industrial and automobile emissions. This perspective is profoundly incorrect. While vehicle exhaust gases are inherently harmful, a smoker is exposed to far greater dangers.

Increased Occupational Risks and WHO Findings

Consider another example: according to figures from the World Health Organization (WHO), the risk rate is significantly higher among smoking workers in specific industries. These include:

• Heavy

Essential Oil Chromatography and Chemical Properties

This document summarizes key chemical data and procedures related to the chromatographic separation and analysis of essential oils, focusing on techniques like Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).

Aim of the Chromatographic Exercise

The primary objective of this laboratory exercise is:

• Chromatographic division of essential oils using two-way TLC chromatography.

Essential Oil Composition

Essential oils are complex mixtures of compounds that belong to several major chemical classes. These include:

• Terpenes
• Sesquiterpenes
• Aldehydes
• Alcohols
• Ketones
• Acids

Reagents and Solvents for Analysis

Extraction Reagent for Azulene Oils

The specific reagent used to extract oils containing azulene is:

Benzene

Chromatographic

*UNIT.6: *Vocabulary: Take off (despegar), Take out (buscar), Turn on (encender), Turn off (apagar), Turn into (convertirse en), Go up (subir), Go down (bajar), Go through (pasar), Look after (cuidar), Look for (buscar), A radio (una radio), A mountain (una montaña), A door (una puerta), A tooth (un diente), A helicopter (un helicoptero), A friend (un amigo), A Computer (un ordenador), Stairs (escaleras), A monster (un monstruo), Go back (retroceder), Fabric (tejido, material), Regular (normal, habitual), Remove (extraer, quitar), Events (hechos). -*Words To Know.1: Queue (hacer cola``en el supermercado´´), Pound (golpear), Fabric (tejido), Purse (monedero), Sleeping bag (saco de dormir), Bend down (agacharte). *Words To Know.2: Brain (cerebro)...

Language Work: Using Articles

Use "a" or "an" depending on the sound: An hour, an umbrella, a university, a happy man.

The Definite Article: The

Pronunciation: (de) the media / the UN; (di) the editor / the American way.

Use "the" for:

• Unique things: The sun, the Princess of Wales.
• Health: A headache (dolor de cabeza).
• Transport: Catch/take the bus.
• Organizations: The Police, the Army, the UN.
• Public Buildings: The Bank, the Palace of Justice.
• Places: Cardinal points, rivers.
• Time: The 90s, seasons, the morning/afternoon.
• People and Work: The director, the editor, the French.

Zero Article: When Not to Use Articles

• Generics: People, money, newspapers.
• Health: To have diabetes, bad breath.
• Transport: On foot, go home, by bus.
• Organizations: British Airways, NATO.