Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine and health sciences

Water Pollution

Water pollution is a modification of water, usually caused by human beings, which makes it improper or dangerous for human consumption, industry, agriculture, fishing, and recreational activities, as well as for animals. Although water pollution can come from natural sources, such as the ash from a volcano, most of today's pollution comes from human activities.

Endangered Species

Unfortunately, there are many species that today are at risk of extinction. Many of them, due to the action of man and global climate change, which is also an indirect effect of the activities of the human being. Some of them are already condemned to disappear a few years from now, and although there are many organizations that work to preserve them, they...

Event & Performance Vocabulary

• Atmosphere: Ambient
• Award: Premi
• Costume: Vestit
• Flop: Fracàs
• Gossip column: Columna d'un diari de cotilleo
• Interval: Pausa
• Lighting: Il·luminació
• Review: Crítica
• Role model: Model a seguir
• Trendsetter: El que marca tendència
• Venue: Lloc de trobada
• Boo: Buu...
• Cheer: Animar
• Clap: Aplaudir
• Encourage: Animar
• Launch: Llençar
• Loathe: Odiar
• Rehearse: Assajar
• Worship: Adorar
• Controversial: Polèmic
• Disgraceful: Vergonyós
• Gifted: Habilitat
• Moving: Emocionant
• Notorious: Conegut
• Outrageous: Indignant
• Packed: Ple
• Prestigious: Prestigiós
• Spoilt: Deteriorat
• Stunning: Meravellós
• Wealthy: Ric
• Weird: Estrany
• Onstage: En escena
• Overnight: De la nit al dia
• Appeals to: Fer una crida
• Be around: Estar al voltant
• For years to come: Pels pròxims anys
• Front-

Introduction

Fats are an essential nutrient that provides the densest energy source. They are also involved in the formation of sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D. However, not all fats are created equal. Some fats, such as saturated and trans fats, can be harmful to health, while others, such as unsaturated fats, can be beneficial.

Types of Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats. They are classified into three main types:

• Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their chain.
• Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond between the carbon atoms in their chain.
• Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds between the carbon atoms in their chain.

Saturated fats are typically found in animal...

We Are What We Eat

Good morning, my name is Mª José and I am going to talk about eating habits.

Understanding Diets

First of all, a diet can be described as a set course of eating and drinking in which the kind and amount of food one should eat is planned out in order to achieve weight loss or follow a certain lifestyle.

I’ll focus on the Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diet, and vegan diet.

The Mediterranean Diet

On the one hand, I am really keen on the Mediterranean diet because it is full of vitamins, minerals, and good fats. Of course, my favourite dish is “Paella”.

It is a typical Valencian dish made with rice, vegetables, rabbit, and chicken.

Moreover, I always try to eat home-made food. When I don’t have enough time to cook, I prepare...

Basic First Aid Principles

Legal Aspects of First Aid

Understanding the legal framework is crucial when providing first aid. "Good Samaritan" laws protect individuals who offer assistance in an emergency, provided certain conditions are met.

Good Samaritan Laws

You are protected from liability as long as:

• You are reasonably careful.
• You act in "good faith" (not for a reward).
• You do not provide care beyond your skill level.

If you decide to help an ill or injured person, you must not leave them until someone with equal or more emergency training takes over.

Consent for First Aid

A responsible adult must agree to receive first aid care. Obtaining consent is a fundamental step before providing assistance.

Expressed Consent

Expressed Consent means the victim...

Future

Alien, Artificial Intelligence, Catastrophe, and More

Explore potential future scenarios, from advancements in artificial intelligence and space travel to challenges like climate change and overpopulation. This section delves into both optimistic and pessimistic perspectives on what the future holds.

Keywords:

• Alien
• Artificial Intelligence
• Catastrophe
• Climate Change
• Colony
• Crime Wave
• Cyborg
• Epidemic
• Hologram
• Optimistic
• Overpopulation
• Pessimistic
• Pollution
• Robot
• Space Station
• Space Travel
• Virtual World
• War

Actions:

• Arm yourself
• Call yourself
• Consider yourself
• Defend yourself
• Look after yourself
• Prepare yourself
• Teach yourself

Interactions:

• Bump into
• Call round
• Come along
• Go along
• Come round-over
• Drop sb off
• Go out
• Have sb around
• Meet up with
• Pick sb up
• Stay in

Professions:

• Artist
• Baker
• Beginner
• Biologist
• Controller
• Cyclist
• Editor
• Founder
• Instructor
• Journalist
• Maker
• Operator
• Owner
• Politician
• Professor
• Psychologist
• Ruler
• Scientist
• Stranger
• Swimmer
• Survivor
• Technician
• Tourist
• Traveler
• Visitor
• Winner

Entertainment

Adventures,

FDA Regulations and Drug Approval Process

The FDA regulates prescription and OTC drugs, checking for safety and effectiveness. FDA approval for a drug can take up to 17.5 years. The process begins with laboratory and animal studies, followed by preclinical trials, Investigational New Drug (IND) status, Clinical Trials, New Drug Application (NDA), and Phase IV monitoring. The DEA is concerned with illegal drugs or narcotics (controlled substances).

Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics

• Pharmacokinetics: How the body acts upon the drug.
• Pharmacodynamics: How the drug affects your body.

Drug Naming Conventions

• Chemical Name: Describes the specific chemical structure; it is infrequently used (e.g., N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol).
• Generic Name: The official or

Nick Carraway and the Moral Compass of West Egg

The narrator, Nick Carraway, starts the book by sharing advice from his father about the importance of not criticizing others. The Buchanans live in the modern East Egg, while Nick resides in the West Egg area—a location that is less elite but rising in status, situated on the opposite side of the bay.

The Mysterious Jay Gatsby and the Green Light

Nick becomes intrigued by Jay Gatsby, a wealthy and mysterious man who lives in a massive mansion next to Nick. Gatsby spends many of his evenings standing in his garden, staring across the water at a green light located at the end of a dock.

Tom Buchanan and the Valley of Ashes

Tom takes Nick to the city to meet his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, who is married....

Selective Grinding in Prosthodontics

Aim: The primary goal is to obtain Balanced Bilateral Occlusion (BBO) without causing changes to the Centric Relation (CR) or Vertical Dimension (VD).

Objectives of Occlusal Adjustment

• Achieve stability and maximum distribution of forces.
• Maintain the Vertical Dimension (VD).
• Ensure occlusal harmony and sharp cusps.
• Reduce lateral forces.

Rules for Correcting Premature Contacts

• Tooth movement causing a high cusp: For premature contact, lower the opposing fossa.
• Upper molars positioned buccally: Grind the upper buccal and palatal cusps, as well as the lower lingual and buccal cusps.
• Upper molars positioned lingually: Grind the buccal surface of the lower lingual cusp and the palatal surface of the upper buccal cusp.

Present Tenses

Present Simple

sings - are signed / 3 column

Present Continuous

is signing - are being signed / 3 column

Past Tenses

Past Simple

signed - were signed / 3 column

Past Continuous

was signing - were being signed / 3 column

Perfect Tenses

Present Perfect Simple

has signed - have been signed / 3 column

Past Perfect Simple

had signed - had been signed / 3 column

Future Tense

Future Simple

will sign - will be signed / 3 column

Modals

Modals

should sign - should be signed / 3 column

Modal Perfect

must have signed - must have been signed / 3 column

Other Verb Forms

Have to

has to sign - have to be signed / 3 column

Be Going To

is going to sign - are going to be signed / 3 column

Question Words

How long: cuanto tiempo When: cuando Who: quien How old: cuantos años

Where: