Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Latin for University

María Victoria Atencia: Life and Works

María Victoria Atencia was born in Malaga on 28 November 1931. She published her first book of poetry, Tierra mojada (Wet Earth), in 1953. Following Arte público in 1961, she entered a long parenthesis in her creative work. In 1971, she qualified as a pilot and resumed her literary career, collaborating with the magazine Concha. She is an Academic of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes.

Analysis of Venice

• Structure: Two triplets with free rhyme; verses are 14 syllables (Alexandrian).
• Rhetorical Figures: Metaphors and anaphora.
• Topic: Admiration of a city (Venice) and the Locus amoenus ("pleasant place").
• First Verse: Fear of the beauty of the place, which compels one to stay.
• Second Verse: Comparison between

Historical Context of the Middle Ages

The medieval period spans from the fall of the Roman Empire (AD 476) to the discovery of America in 1492. The Muslim invasion in 711 led to the Reconquista in areas dominated by Arabs, fostering a period of cultural coexistence between Jews, Christians, and Arabs. The first Castilian literary works emerged leading up to the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, categorized into three stages: anonymous works, individual literary personalities, and the adaptation of Italian poetic forms.

Medieval Society

Society was based on feudalism, which required the fidelity of vassals to a lord who provided land and protection. The social hierarchy included:

• Nobility: Political and military leadership.
• Clergy: Cultural and religious

Lazarillo de Tormes: Publication and Authorship

Published in 1554, Lazarillo de Tormes saw three simultaneous editions in the cities of Burgos, Antwerp, and Alcalá de Henares.

The Mystery of Authorship

The authorship of Lazarillo is a difficult mystery. The work remains officially anonymous but has been attributed to several different writers, including Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, Lope de Rueda, or the Valdés brothers.

Plot and Structure

This story recounts the life of the hero Lázaro. The work is presented as an extended confession. The narrator, Lázaro de Tormes, addresses a significant person in Toledo (Vuestra Merced, or 'Your Grace'), seeking to explain his current situation and refute a damaging rumor circulating around town: that his wife...

Neotrobadorismo: Galician medieval revival

Neotrobadorismo is a movement born from the popularization of medieval Galician lyric poetry. It appears early in the 20th century through the publication of various studies and anthologies. This revival produced important Galician output and brought knowledge of medieval poets back to contemporary readers.

Bouza Brey and medieval lyric adaptation

One notable modernizer is Bouza Brey, who introduced his own lyric poems while reconnecting with the medieval world. He reproduces and adapts poetic verses and medieval forms, preserving formal meters and features in collections such as Procedemento, Nao, Senlleira and Seitura. Bouza Brey often works within traditional shapes such as the ballad; he reproduces...

Lección 2: Los derechos reales en el derecho romano

1. Introducción

En toda relación jurídica, obligacional o real, existe un sujeto activo titular, sujeto a la relación sustancial, que está facultado para pretender la determinada conducta frente al sujeto pasivo que debe realizarla. El sujeto pasivo puede tender a que el sujeto de la obligación no cumpla con su deber jurídico. Cuando la persona obligada no cumple su obligación, el titular del derecho intentará hacerlo valer en juicio, convirtiéndose así la relación sustancial en relación procesal: el sujeto activo se convierte en demandante y el sujeto pasivo en demandado.

2. Precisiones terminológicas

En lo que se refiere a los derechos personales romanos, el derecho moderno los...

Evolution of the Spanish Novel until 1975

The contemporary Spanish novel has evolved from the realism of the post-war period, through the social novel, until reaching formal renewal.

Main Stages of Development

The Rootless Novel (1940s)

In the 1940s, literary works focused on everyday life, revealing the violence and senselessness of existence. Key works from this stage include The Family of Pascual Duarte by Camilo José Cela and Nada by Carmen Laforet.

The Social Novel (1950s)

In the 1950s, writers told stories that offered a testimony of the reality of the time. This style diminished the importance of the narrator and increased the use of dialogue. Representative works of this trend include:

• La Colmena (The Hive) by Camilo José Cela
• El fulgor y

The Picaresque Novel

The picaresque novel is an original product of Castilian literature. It emerged in 1554 with the publication of The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes. The most characteristic feature of the picaresque novel is its protagonist, the rogue (or pícaro), who serves as an antihero. This character lacks noble origins or fortune and acts primarily to solve daily problems such as hunger and cold. The rogue remains in a state of poverty, and the narration is told in the first person, allowing for the observation of physical and psychological development alongside a critical view of society.

The Reportage

Reportage is a genre of information that extends a story, complementing it with new data and direct testimonies in an objective and organized...

Jordi de Sant Jordi's "The Prisoner": Poetic Analysis

The poem The Prisoner by Jordi de Sant Jordi is considered his most personal work. Sant Jordi, born in Valencia, was the most important troubadour poet of the 15th century tradition. He served as a knight to King Alfonso IV of Aragon.

Historical Context and Origin

In 1420, Sant Jordi participated alongside Ausiàs March and the carpenter Andrew in an expedition to Sardinia. In 1422, he was arrested in Naples by the troops of Francesca Sforza. This event is what inspired the poem The Prisoner.

Literary Genre and Emotional Content

This writing belongs to the literary genre of poetry, through which the poet expresses intense feelings of loneliness and anxiety experienced while imprisoned, uncertain...

Ethnomusicology: Origins and Definitions

Ethnomusicology: Definition and Classic Approaches. Kunst.1 Term coined in 1950 by Jaap Kunst, who wrote books devoted to ethnomusicology. The first was Guido Adler in 1885, who proposed the bipartition of musicology into historical and systematic branches (harmony, aesthetics, pedagogy and didactic comparison of musicology, ethnological or comparative). Ethnomusicology in its first phase was a type of research method that we studied through work put into ethnomusicology. Musicologists shunned the study of oral traditions and culture in the Western world.

Defining Modern Ethnomusicology

Myers: part of musicology with emphasis on its students and the cultural context. Crivillé and G. Ethnological research

La lírica popular medieval

La canción de mujer es la principal manifestación de la lírica popular predominante en la Edad Media en Europa occidental. Son poemas líricos anónimos, cantados por el pueblo, que se transmitían oralmente de generación en generación. Sus temas son amorosos y el yo poético es una joven enamorada.

Las jarchas

Las jarchas son poemas andalusíes, canciones compuestas en mozárabe que los poetas cultos insertaban al final de composiciones escritas en hebreo o en árabe clásico, denominadas moaxajas.

El tema de las jarchas consiste en una queja amorosa puesta en voz de una voz femenina que se dirige a menudo al confidente: la madre o las hermanas, para expresar su sufrimiento por la ausencia, la enfermedad o la partida...