Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for History for Vocational training

Chronology of Significant Events (1898-1940)

Russian and Soviet History

• 1898: Russian Social Democratic Party Founded
• 1917: Fall of the Tsars
• 1918: Peace Signed at Brest-Litovsk
• 1922: USSR Created
• 1924: Death of Lenin
• 1940: Death of Trotsky

German and Nazi History

• 1920: Hitler Founds the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party)
• 1933: Boycott of Jewish Businesses Enacted
• 1933: Concentration Camps Created
• 1934: Death of Hindenburg
• 1935: Nuremberg Laws Passed

Global and American Events

• 1915: Treaty of London
• 1919: Fasci di Combattimento Founded (Early Fascist Movement)
• 1929: Stock Market Crash
• 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt Wins Election

Essential Historical Terms and Concepts

Soviets

Councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers who demanded the withdrawal...

The Democratic Sexenio (1868–1874)

The Glorious Revolution of 1868 and the Provisional Government

The period known as the Democratic Sexenio began with the military coup of September 19, 1868, known as the Glorious Revolution (La Gloriosa). This uprising in Cádiz was led by General Prim, General Serrano, and Admiral Topete (in command of the Navy).

The rebels' manifesto, titled "With Honors in Spain," was highly critical of Queen Isabella II's government structure. It sought the establishment of a provisional government to reform the current administration and implement universal suffrage. The uprising garnered significant popular support, leading to the creation of revolutionary boards.

Revolutionary troops defeated the forces loyal to Isabella...

I Have a Dream (1963)

Classification

• Historical document: Public speech delivered on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington.
• Originally designed as an homage to the Gettysburg Address, timed to correspond with the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation.
• The Emancipation Proclamation was an order issued to the Executive Branch by President Lincoln in January 1863; it was not passed by Congress as a law.

Authorship

• Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968): American civil rights activist and clergyman.
• Leader of the civil rights movement who fought for the rights of the African American population.
• Utilized non-violent methods to influence public opinion.
• Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

Context

• Mid-20th Century: Increasing racism against African

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The Military Development of the War

General Franco was appointed to lead the Moroccan troops from the Canary Islands. Transporting these troops to the mainland presented a significant challenge, ultimately achieved with German and Italian air support. Once across the Strait, rebel forces advanced through Extremadura towards Madrid via the Tagus Valley. The capital's resistance in the ensuing battle shattered the rebels' hopes of a swift victory.

Key Military Campaigns

• The Northern Campaign: Rebel troops captured Bilbao, Santander, and Asturias. This campaign included the internationally infamous bombing of Guernica-Lumo. General Mola was killed during this offensive.
• The Battle of Teruel: This battle witnessed some of the fiercest fighting of the

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The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera: Spain's Authoritarian Turn

Military intervention in Spanish politics was a recurring theme throughout the 19th century. However, following the pronouncement of Martínez Campos, direct military intervention had been absent, though the military always maintained significant social and political influence.

Causes of the Dictatorship

The dictatorship emerged from a complex international and domestic context. Five years after the First World War, widespread political instability and a lack of public confidence in existing parties led to the consideration of alternative European totalitarian models, both right and left-wing.

Miguel Primo de Rivera: The Dictator

Miguel Primo de Rivera was a military man deeply rooted...

Reign of Ferdinand VII (1814–1874)

• Cancellation of all laws of the Cortes of Cadiz and the Constitution.
• Pursuit of liberals and Francophiles.
• Independence of the American colonies and economic crisis.

Liberal Triennium (1820–1823)

• Military coup and proclamation of the 1812 Constitution.
• Division among liberals leading to political instability.
• French military intervention resulting in a new absolutist restoration.

Ominous Decade (1823–1833)

• Destruction of the hacienda (treasury).
• Opening politics to the most conservative liberals.
• Inheritance problems: Prince Charles vs. Princess Isabella.

Reign of Queen Isabella II (1833–1868)

• Carlist War (1833–1839): Focused in the Basque Country, Northern Navarre, and Catalonia.
• Return of the Liberals.
• Secularization

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Source: Thomas Walsingham's Historia Anglicana

The text provided is a fragment from Historia Anglicana II, written by Thomas Walsingham in 1395, although it's said that it wasn’t entirely written by him. He was an English Benedictine monk and chronicler at St Albans Abbey, and he is well known for his works. This one tells us about the period during the reign of Richard II, and the text refers to the Peasants' Revolt, an important event. The story is relevant because it reflects the spirit of the people of the period. The text focuses on how people were influenced by John Ball, an English Lollard priest and a leader of the peasants, and the new way of thinking among the population.

England Under Richard II: Context of the Revolt

In 1377, King...

Antigone: A Tragedy of Pride and Divine Law

Thebes stands unconquered, though Polynices and his allies attacked it. Polynices and his brother Eteocles are both dead, killed by each other, fulfilling the curse of their father, Oedipus.

Outside the city gates, Antigone tells Ismene that Creon has ordered Eteocles, who defended the city, to be buried with full honors. However, Polynices, the invader, is to be left unburied. Creon has decreed that anyone attempting to bury Polynices will be publicly stoned to death. Outraged, Antigone reveals her plan to bury Polynices in secret, defying Creon's order. Ismene timidly refuses to defy the king, and Antigone angrily rejects her, determined to bury her brother alone.

Creon discovers that someone has attempted...

The International Dimension of the Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War brought Spain to the forefront of the world stage, causing deep divisions in public opinion and government stances globally.

Foreign Aid and Military Support

Both sides—the Nationalist rebels and the Republican Popular Front—received significant military aid. However, the support provided to the rebels was more consistent and substantial.

The Policy of Non-Intervention

France and Britain pursued a policy of neutrality and non-interference, which was officially joined by Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, the USSR, and other nations. In practice, the Non-Intervention Committee, established in London in September 1936, proved entirely ineffective.

Support for the Republican

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31. The ____ Amendment made slavery unconstitutional and illegal.

-13^th amendment        

32. The _____ Amendment stated that states could not take away the rights of citizens without due process of the law.

-14^th amendment

33. The ____ Amendment allowed all men to vote regardless of race.

-15^th amendment

34. Name several things on which the North and South disagreed after the Civil War

35. What was “the bloodiest battle” of the Civil War?

-Maryland’s battle of Antietam

36. In what battle did the most soldiers die?   

-Battle of Gettysburg

37. Which was the last state to join the Confederacy?

-north carolina

38. What did Civil War soldiers use as early versions of dog tags?

-pinning of their names on their uniforms

39.The prosperity of the...