Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for French for Other courses

English Grammar Essentials

The Conditionals

Zero Conditional

Use: Scientific truths, general facts.

Structure: If + Present Simple ... Present Simple

First Conditional

Use: Real and possible future situations (Cause and consequence).

Structure: If + Present Simple ... will/won’t + Infinitive

Example: If you study, you will pass the exams.

Second Conditional

Use: Unreal or hypothetical present/future cases.

Structure: If + Past Simple ... would/wouldn’t + Infinitive

Example: If I were (not was) rich, I would buy myself a car.

Third Conditional

Use: Impossible situations in the past (something that did not happen).

Structure: If + Past Perfect ... would/wouldn’t have + Past Participle

Example: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.

Reported

Cultural Adaptation: British and American Traditions in Spain

Nowadays, Spain has adapted general British and American traditions such as Halloween and Santa Claus at Christmas.

Spanish Cultural Heritage

Spain maintains traditions that are respected all over the country, and most of them are related to the Catholic religion, such as Holy Week or Christmas. There are also different festivities like Fairs and Carnivals.

Integration of Foreign Festivities (Halloween and Santa Claus)

We have adapted traditions from other countries, such as Halloween or Santa Claus. Now we celebrate these festivities in our country. Halloween is a fun event because children wear costumes and have a nice time. Santa Claus is welcomed by all the children because they receive...

International Integration: NATO and Europe

During the transition period, domestic politics predominated over foreign affairs. In reality, for the majority of Spaniards, democratization was synonymous with Europeanization and Western integration. During the transition and the Socialist government, there was essential continuity in foreign policy planning.

Foreign Policy Under Arias Navarro

Under Arias Navarro, the relevance of foreign policy was minimal. However, the King's trips to Europe and the USA helped fuel expectations and had a positive effect on important internal policy initiatives. A significant foreign policy decision was the King's resignation of the privilege of intervention in the appointment of bishops, a long-standing request from...

Carnival Traditions: A Comparative Analysis

The following points compare two passages regarding carnival celebrations:

• Origins: Passage A explains that the carnival began in 1966 as a celebration of Caribbean culture.
• Frequency: Both passages confirm the event is held annually. (Passage A: “over three days every August”; Passage B: “annually… over six days before Lent.”)
• Dining: Passage A highlights the availability of Caribbean-influenced food.
• Ticketing: Passage B notes that some main events are ticketed and held in stadiums.
• Activities: Both passages describe music, costumes, parades, and dancing.
• Location: Both passages specify the festival location. (Passage A: Notting Hill, London; Passage B: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)

Laruna Hotel: Travel

Personal Background and Academic Aspirations

I was born in Quinta Normal in 2001. I grew up in Cerro Navia, where I used to play soccer with my friends on the field next to my house. Since I was a child, I have always liked construction, and now I’m studying it at college. My family has always supported me, and I still spend time with my childhood friends. One important moment in my life was starting to study what I love.

The Thrill of Radio-Controlled (RC) Car Racing

In my free time, I enjoy playing with my RC (radio-controlled) cars — it’s one of my favorite hobbies. This activity is fun, exciting, and relaxing. Controlling the cars at high speed and trying new tricks keeps me focused and happy.

Shared Passion: RC Cars and Family Time

I...

I- Conseils aux parents pour améliorer les résultats scolaires de leurs enfants

1- Ne laissez pas vos enfants regarder la télévision plus d'une heure par jour et choisissez les programmes avec eux.

2- Essayez de faire aimer à vos enfants les programmes éducatifs.

3- Faites-leur découvrir les joies de la lecture en les inscrivant à la bibliothèque de votre quartier.

4- N'hésitez pas à les emmener visiter les musées.

5- Aidez-les à finir leurs devoirs lorsque cela est nécessaire.

6- Il faut aussi regarder attentivement leur travail.

7- Il est souhaitable que vous rencontriez régulièrement les professeurs de vos enfants.

8- Laissez-leur aussi du temps libre pour qu'ils puissent s'amuser.

II- Citez les parties d'un ordinateur

1- Une souris

2-

Subjonctif — Chuleta Express

¿Cuándo se usa?

Expresión + QUE + Subjonctif

Se usa para expresar:

🔹 Obligación

• Il faut que...

• Il est nécessaire que...

🔹 Duda / posibilidad

• Je doute que...

• Il est possible que...

🔹 Emoción / sentimiento

• Je suis content(e) que...

• J'ai peur que...

🔹 Deseo / voluntad

• Je veux que...

• J'aimerais que...

• Pourvu que...

🔹 Juicio / valoración

• Il est important que...

• Il est dommage que...

• Il est mieux que...

Formación

Partimos de la forma ils/elles del presente.

1. Quitamos -ent

2. Añadimos:

Verbos Regulares

PARLER

• que je parle

• que tu parles

• qu'il parle

• que nous parlions

• que vous parliez

• qu'ils parlent

FINIR

• que je finisse

• que tu finisses

• qu'il finisse

• que nous finissions

• que

COD (Complément d'Objet Direct)

👉 Sustituye persona o cosa SIN « à »

Pronombres:

• me / m’ → me

• te / t’ → te

• le / l’ → lo

• la / l’ → la

• les → los / las

• nous → nos

• vous → os / les

Je vois Marie → Je la vois.
J’achète les fleurs → Je les achète.
Tu aimes Paul → Tu l’aimes.

🔹 COI (Complément d'Objet Indirect)

👉 Sustituye persona con « à »

Pronombres:

• me / m’

• te / t’

• lui → a él / a ella

• leur → a ellos

• nous

• vous

Je parle à Marie → Je lui parle.

Je téléphone à mes parents → Je leur téléphone.

• Sin « à » → COD

• Con « à + persona » → COI

• En passé composé con avoir → acuerdo si el COD va antes
  → Les fleurs que j’ai achetées.

Actividades cotidianas

se réveiller → despertarse

se lever → levantarse

se...

English Passive Voice Examples

• 1. The authorities decided that the meeting would be held next Wednesday.
• 2. The goods are transported to our house in the Midlands every Friday.
• 3. The larger portrait was painted by a well-known Flemish artist.
• 4. When I arrived, I was handed a note by one of the delegates.
• 5. Nothing has been seen of Pauline since her car accident last spring.
• 6. I'll have to stay at home because our new furniture is being delivered.
• 7. For the past few days, I had to work in Jack's office because mine is being redecorated at the moment.
• 8. A major new oil deposit has been discovered in the North Sea recently.
• 9. The space probe Explorer was launched from Cape Canaveral last year.
• 10. Breakfast is not served in this hotel before 7 am.

Regular -er Verb Endings

Regular -ir Verb Endings

Regular -re Verb Endings