Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Vocational training

1. Reporting Statements, Questions, and Commands

Transform the following direct speech into reported speech using an appropriate introductory verb. The correct reported speech is provided in parentheses.

• Direct: "The exam papers are still being marked, Jane," the teacher said.
  (The teacher informed Jane that the exam papers were still being marked.)
• Direct: "Don't forget to thank your mother," he said to Linda.
  (He reminded Linda to thank her mother.)
• Direct: "You mustn't come here again," she said to the tramp.
  (She forbade the tramp to go there again.)
• Direct: "I didn't hit him," Sarah said.
  (Sarah denied that she had hit him.)
• Direct: "I'll tidy up when I return home, Mum," Tim said.
  (Tim promised to tidy up when he returned home.)
• Direct: "I'm

TRANSFORMACIONES

1-The Minister of Education is believed to have resigned from his post.

2-The young tree was being bent to the ground by the wind.

3-If a famous director hadn't seen her act in a school play, Brenda wouldn't have been a star.

4-I wish I had bought some tickets for the concert.

5-Despite the fact that the house was very old, we managed to sell it.

6-He asked if I had heard the news the previous night.

7-I have my money sent monthly to my bank account in London.

8-The bed (which) I slept in last night was very uncomfortable.

9-It was such an expensive ticket for the match that I didn't buy it.

10-Your classmate may have left his book on the desk.

11-He suggested going out as soon as possible.

12-Peter must be at home because the phone is...

Passive Voice

This shirt needs to be ironed

This shirt needs ironing

The house needs to be painted

The house needs painting

Both sentences are correct

Both sentences have the same meaning

Instances of Passive Voice

• When the agent is unknown
• When the agent is irrelevant
• When the agent is obvious from the context

Uses of 'Have Something Done'

• A service provided: I had my house painted
• Describe something unpleasant: John had his passport stolen
• Future statements (promises): I will have my homework done for tomorrow

Conditional Sentences

I went to the optician yesterday and I tested my eyesight because you do not test yourself, the optician does it.

Zero Conditional

Also called real factual, is used for general truths

IF + PRES SIMPLE + PRES SIMPLE

First Conditional

Also...

Listening T-4: Jessie and Her Sister

• Jessie's sister has a son (F)
• Jessie's sister is short (F)
• Jessie's sister plays basketball (T)
• The beach in the photo is in Germany (F)
• Jessie went to a music festival with her sister (F)
• Rosie has blonde hair (T)
• Rosie sees her boyfriend all the time (F)
• Pete is Jessie's boss (T)

Daily Routine: Taxi Driver

What does he do? He is a taxi driver
Does he like his job? Yes, he does
When does he work? From 7 p.m. to about 6 a.m.

1. Mark starts work at 7 p.m.
2. He has a hamburger or a pizza
3. He finishes work
4. He goes home
5. He goes to bed
6. He sleeps for eight hours
7. He gets up
8. He has breakfast
9. He goes to the gym
10. He has a shower
11. He watches TV or checks his emails
12. He has dinner

Marge and Robbie: Health Habits

• Robbie doesn't think he's healthy (F)
• Marge

Pinocchio

Geppetto makes a wooden puppet called Pinocchio. His wish that Pinocchio be a human is unexpectedly granted by the Blue Fairy; however, she only animates the puppet, telling him that he has to prove himself in order to become a "real boy." The Blue Fairy assigns Jiminy Cricket to act as Pinocchio's conscience and keep him out of trouble, and Jiminy requests that if he succeeds, he wants a medal.

Pinocchio becomes Stromboli's star attraction, but Stromboli abuses Pinocchio by locking him in a bird cage. Stromboli also tells Pinocchio that "once you get too old, you'll make good firewood." The Blue Fairy appears and questions Pinocchio about his situation; Pinocchio lies about how he got into the situation but recants when his nose grows...

Phrasal Verbs

FROM: happening. Wait FOR. Apply FOR a job. Run AWAY from home. Give UP smoking. Get ON with your sister. Break UP with your friend. Put ON weight. Figure OUT a solution. Come DOWN with a cold. Succeed IN math. Argue WITH a friend. Drop OUT of school. Speak UP at a meeting. Based ON a novel. Get AROUND by bus.

Vocabulary

Strenuous: cansat. Proper: correcte. Holy place: lloc tancat. Path: camí. Treacherous: traicionero. Shine: brilliant (glow). Sacred: santo. Protect: protegir. Very pleased: emocionant. Damage: daño. Be worth: valer la pena.

Owner: propietario. Path: camí. Refuse: desperdicios. Surrounding: rodeándola. Request: solicitud. Proper: apropiado. Stay behind: quedarse atras. Treacherous: traicionero. Come back: vuelve....

Shut down: Cerrar. - It stops operating (business or large piece of equipment).

Get away with: Zafarse de la cárcel, librarse.- Succeed in avoiding punishment for something.

Show up: Aparecer.- Arrive somewhere in order to join a group of people, especially late or unexpectedly.

Turn out:- Be known or discovered finally and surprisingly.

Hold onto: Conservar.- Keep smth you have.

Turn up: Aparecer.- Find unexpectedly smth you have been looking for.

Arrest: Arrestar.- When the police take someone away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed.

Kidnap: Secuestrar.- To take a person away illegally by force usually in order to demand money in exchange for realizing them.

Witness: Testigo.- To see something happen, especially a crime.

Hijack:...

Films and Television Program Genres

A list of common film and television program types:

• Action Film
• Animation
• Chat Show
• Comedy
• Documentary
• Fantasy Film
• Game Show
• Horror Film
• Musical
• News Bulletin
• Period Drama
• Reality Show
• Romantic Comedy
• Science Fiction Film
• Sitcom
• Soap Opera
• Talent Show
• Thriller
• War Film
• Western

Descriptive Adjectives for Media and Performance

Words used to describe experiences, films, or performances:

• Boring
• Confusing
• Convincing
• Embarrassing
• Exciting
• Funny
• Gripping
• Imaginative
• Interesting
• Moving
• Scary
• Spectacular
• Unrealistic
• Violent

Sports, Activities, and Related Terminology

This extensive list covers various sports, equipment, roles, and actions found in athletics.

Athletic Disciplines and Activities

• Aerobics
• Athletics
• Badminton
• Baseball
• Bicycle, Bicycling, Bike
• Boxing
• Crew

Essential Business English Vocabulary

Pursue

To follow or chase (someone or something); to strive to gain or accomplish (a goal) over a long period.

Boardroom

A room where a company's board of directors meets.

Storm

To enter suddenly and forcefully (e.g., storm the boardroom).

Account for

To represent or form a particular proportion or part of something.

Fulfilling

Achieving satisfaction or happiness through one's actions; satisfying.

Single-handedly

Done by one person alone; without help.

Slightly

To a small degree; not considerably; a little bit.

Gruffly

In a rough, stern, or abrupt manner.

Although

Conjunction meaning 'in spite of the fact that'; similar to 'but'.

Stepped back

To move back physically or mentally; to withdraw from a situation to gain perspective.

Complete: With, who, which, or that.

• In the first London Olympics which/that were held in 1948, only 59 countries participated.

• The athletes who/that won the most gold medals were the swimmers Michael...

• Sebastian Coe, who used to be an Olympic athlete, was the chairman of the London...

• The equipment (which/that) the athletes used was supplied by companies like Adidas.

• The race that/which generated the highest...

• Usain Bolt, who comes from a small town in Jamaica...

• The opening ceremony, which the film director Danny Boyle...

• The country that/which was chosen to host...

Combine the two sentences

• Avery Brundage, who was the fifth president of the IOC, was an Olympic...

• Women's boxing, which featured 36 competitors, was included in the...

• The Orbit, which