Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education
Using past modals advice criticism regret
Probability:
First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.
- It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
- I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
- This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!
Ability
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.
For example:
- She can speak six languages.
- My grandfather could play golf very well.
- I can't drive.
Obligation and Advice
We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice.
- Children must do their homework.
- We have to wear a uniform at work.
Essential Vocabulary: Fashion, Shopping, Literature, and Storytelling
Theme 3: Fashion and Shopping Vocabulary
Adjectives to Describe Things
- Amazing/Hallucinatory: Asombroso
- Boring: Aburrido
- Colorful: Colorido
- Exciting: Emocionante
- Fascinating: Fascinante
- Original: Original
- Popular: Popular
- Tasty: Sabroso
- Traditional: Tradicional
- Weird: Extraño
Verbs Related to Money
- Advertise: Anunciar
- Borrow: Pedir prestado
- Earn Money: Ganar dinero (por trabajo)
- Lend: Prestar
- Pay Money Back: Devolver dinero
- Save: Ahorrar
- Sell: Vender
- Spend: Gastar
- Win Money: Ganar dinero (por suerte)
General Vocabulary
- Baggy: Suelto, ancho
- Bored: Aburrido
- Bright Color: Color vivo
- Business: Negocio
- Busy: Ocupado
- Casual Clothes/Casual Wear: Ropa informal
- Clothes Shop: Tienda de ropa
- Coin: Moneda
- Consume: Consumir
- Currency: Moneda
- Department Store: Grandes almacenes
- Developed
Angles
He was born in Busdongo of Arbas, Leon, 28 March 1936. He married Rosalia Mera Goyenenchea with whom she had two children: Sandra and Mark. Mark had a serious mental disability. In 1986 he broke up with Amancio Ortega. //
He does not like bodyguards, in fact you can see him walking without security. It has its frills, like an airplane or riding. He now lives in the neighborhood of Zalaeta, near the beach Orzán, which is with his second wife, Flora, and his daughter. He has been accused by
Effective Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises for Level 1 and 2
Unit 6 Level 1 Vocabulary (4) and Grammar (7)
1.1- chance- likelihood / 2- keep- maintain / 3- follows- tracks/ 4- useful- beneficial
1.1- attend- encourage / 2- motivated- ridiculous / 3- ridiculous- compulsory / 4- achieve- expect / 5- encourage- attend / 6- compulsory- motivated / 7- expect- achieve
2.1- used- Now we live in the city. / 2- getting- It’s a much slower pace / 3- are- We have got many friends here.
3.1- make up- an excuse / 2- trick- a friend / 3- figure out- the answer / 4- wipe- species of animals / 5- skip- dance class / 6- record- student’s notes
4.1- will get into trouble / 2- to motivate / 3- to cheat in / 4- to revise all / 5- Our curriculum / 6- of courage / 7- Pay attention
5.1- she had left the party early. / 2- he
...Comparative Constructions and Extreme Adjectives
• more (+ clause) ... less (+ clause)
The more you sleep, the less you do.
Other combinations of These patterns are possible.
Examples:
"The harder Joe worked, the more he earned."
"The more he ate, the fatter he got."
NOTES
A. Neither of the two Clauses in the + comparative + the sentences makes sense without the other.
B. In writing, a comma Is used to separate the two clauses.
C. Both clauses need a Verb.
D. In some expressions With better, no verbs are needed.
Jim: When shall I come round to see you?
Tim: The Sooner, the better.
Other comparative Constructions
1- as...As
This construction can Be used with adjectives or adverbs to make comparisons between two things or People.
"I’m As tall as my brother."
"Trains Don’t travel as fast as planes."...
Mastering Present Perfect: Exercises and Examples
Present Perfect Exercises
ACTIVITIES UNIT 3 EDMODO: PRESENT PERFECT
Write in the Present Perfect
-Tom has swum (SWIM) in the swimming pool this morning.
-Where have you been (YOU/BE) this morning?
-I have felt (FEEL) ill tonight.
-Jonas and Danny haven't played (NOT/PLAY) football with their friends.
-The students have spoken (SPEAK) a lot today in class.
-The teacher of History has explained (EXPLAIN) the American Revolution today.
-The elephant has slept (SLEEP) for fifteen hours today.
-We have broken (BREAK) the door of our classroom.
-The baby has cried (CRY) for twenty minutes.
-My father hasn't worked (NOT/WORK) in Seville since 1987.
-(Jane / READ ) Has Jane read a book?
Complete These Phrases with For/Since
Since 1998
For a long time
Since three o’clock
For...
Irregular Verb Conjugations
Irregular Verb Conjugations
Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
cost | cost | cost | to cost | |
cut | cut | cut hit | to cut | |
hit | hit | to hit | ||
hurt | hurt | hurt | to hurt | |
let | let | let | to let, to allow | |
put | put | put | to put | |
set | set | set | to put (the table) | |
shut | shut | shut | to shut, to close | |
wet | wet | wet | to wet, to moisten | |
bring | brought | brought | to bring |
build | built | built | to build |
burn | burnt | burnt | to burn |
buy | bought | bought | to buy |
catch | caught | caught | to catch |
dig | dug | dug | to dig |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | to dream |
feed | fed | fed | to feed |
feel | felt | felt | to feel |
fight | fought | fought | to fight |
get | got | got | to get, to receive |
hang | hung | hung | to hang |
have | had | had | to have |
hold | held | held | to hold |
keep | kept | kept | to keep |
lay | laid | laid | to lay (eggs, table) |
lead | led | led | to lead |
learn | learnt | learnt | to learn |
leave | left | left | to leave |
lend | lent | lent | to lend |
light | lit | lit | to light |
lose | lost | lost | to lose |
make | made | made | to make |
meet | met | met | to |
Mastering English: Word Formation, Collocations, and Usage
Word Building
Positive and Negative Affixes
Positive Affixes
- Possible -> Possibility
- Obedient -> Obedience
- Satisfied -> Satisfaction
- Able -> Ability
- Respected -> Respect
- Pleased -> Pleasure
- Capable -> Capability
- Secure -> Security
- Patient -> Patience
Negative Affixes
- Dissatisfaction
- Impossibility
- Incapability
- Disrespect
- Impatience
- Inability
- Disobedience
- Insecurity
- Displeasure
- Disability
Life's Lessons: Prepositions
- In
- Out
- Away
- Up
- Down
- Out
- Up
- Off
- Without
- Off
- Up to
Collocations
- Pay attention
- Achieve a goal
- Go abroad
- Win a prize
- Defeat an opponent
- Break a habit
- Take a chance
- Break a promise
- Save time
- Catch a ball
Use of English
- To
- Kinds/Sorts
- Amongst
- As
- Of
- Same
- Like
- Such
- In
- Two
Complete the Sentences
- ...being expelled
- ...to be loved
- ...be found
- ...being bitten
- ...be booked
- ...to
Oliver Twist: A Tale of Orphans, Thieves, and Redemption
Character Profiles
Fagin
Fagin is a cunning criminal who exploits homeless children by training them to pickpocket for him. He also acts as a fence for stolen goods, preferring to profit from crime rather than directly engaging in it himself.
Nancy
Nancy is a young woman trapped in a life of crime as one of Fagin's former child pickpockets and the lover of the brutal Bill Sikes. Despite her circumstances, she possesses a strong moral compass and ultimately sacrifices herself to protect Oliver.
Rose Maylie
Rose Maylie is a kind and compassionate young woman who was raised by Mrs. Maylie after the death of her father. She forms a deep bond with Oliver, unaware of their familial connection.
Mr. Brownlow
Mr. Brownlow is a wise and benevolent gentleman...