Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Common English Irregular Verbs

A reference list of common irregular verbs, including their infinitive, past simple, and past participle forms.

Personality Traits

• Argumentative: Opinionated (ten opinión para todo)
• Assertive: Confident (seguro)
• Beautiful: Gorgeous
• Bad-tempered: Grumpy
• Big-headed: Conceited (engreído) / Pig-headed (tozudo)
• Cagey: Secretive (reservado)
• Considerate: Kind, sympathetic, well-meaning
• Dependable: Loyal
• Down-to-earth: Sensible, realistic
• Easy-going: Relaxed, laid-back
• Eccentric: Weird, odd
• Extroverted: Outgoing
• Generous: Open-handed
• Immature: Childish
• Intolerant: Narrow-minded
• Insensitive: Thick-skinned
• Negative: Pessimistic
• Sensitive: Thin-skinned
• Tolerant: Open-minded
• Shy: Tongue-tied
• Selfish: Tight (egoísta)
• Positive: Optimistic

Behavior and Communication

• Be up for anything: Estar dispuesto
• Speak your mind: Dicio o que pensas
• Not give much away: Non contar segredos
• Expect the worst:

Treasure Island: A Character Analysis

Billy Bones

Billy Bones exhibits several negative traits, most notably his violent nature. This is evident when he threatens Dr. Livesey with a knife. His poor health, exacerbated by excessive drinking, ultimately leads to his demise. Furthermore, Bones's pirate background is revealed through drunken tales of his criminal past.

Jim Hawkins

Jim Hawkins is portrayed as adventurous, demonstrated by his solo quest for the treasure, leaving his mother behind. His bravery is remarkable, especially when he uncovers the pirates' mutiny plot, steals the Hispaniola, and finds Ben Gunn. Jim also displays a risky nature, confronting the pirates despite the clear danger to his life.

Long John Silver

Long John Silver's...

Core Reporting Verbs: Say, Tell, Wonder, Explain

These verbs are fundamental for transforming direct speech into indirect speech, often requiring tense and pronoun shifts.

• Say (something, optionally to someone):

  Direct: "I am ill."

  Reported: She said she was ill.

• Tell (someone):

  Direct: "You are late, Dad."

  Reported: She told her father he was late.

• Tell (someone to do / not to do something):

  Direct: "Don't come back, Josh."

  Reported: She told Josh not to go back.

• Wonder (used for reported questions/thoughts):

  Direct: "Why are they looking at me?"

  Reported: She wondered why they were looking at her.

• Explain (optionally to someone):

  Direct: "I'm angry because I missed the train."

  Reported: She explained (to me) she was angry because she had missed the train.

Mr. Gupta in 'The Price of Flowers'

Mr. Gupta is a major character in the story 'The Price of Flowers' by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay. He is also the narrator of the story. It is through his point of view that the story unfolds. Mr. Gupta is about to join the British Civil Service in India. He is in London now, where most of the story takes place. He gets acquainted with Maggie, a teenage girl from a poor family there. When Maggie tells him that her mother eagerly wants to meet an Indian, he is ready to oblige. He is very inquisitive and wants to learn how the poor live in Britain.

Mr. Gupta is a character who subverts the preconceived notions about Indians prevalent in the West during the pre-independence era. He admits that he is not much of...

be-was/were-been -- bear-bore-borne-soportar -- beat-beat-beaten-golpear -- become-became-become -- begin-began-begun -- bend-bent*-doblar(se) -- bet*-apostar -- bite-bit-bitten-morder -- bleed-bled*-sangrar -- blow-blew-blown-soplar -- break-broke-broken -- bring-brought*-traer -- build-built* -- burn-burnt*-quemar(se) -- buy-bought* -- catch-caught*-coger -- choose-chose-chosen -- cling-clung-clung-aferrarse -- come-came-come -- cost*-costar -- cut*-cortar -- dig-dug*-cavar -- do-did-done -- draw-drew-drawn --dream-dreamt* -- drink-drank-drunk -- drive-drove-driven -- eat-ate-eaten -- fall-fell-fallen -- feed-fed*-alimentar -- feel-felt*-sentirse -- fight-fought* -- find-found* -- fly-flew-flown -- forbid-forbade-forbidden-prohibir --forget-...

Characters

• Charles Linkworth — He was a condemned man in prison because he had strangled his mother to obtain her money. Linkworth owed a hundred pounds and planned to use his mother's money to pay the debt.
• Doctor Teesdale — The doctor responsible for confirming that Linkworth was dead.
• Mr Dawkins (the prison chaplain) — He heard Linkworth's confession that he had strangled his mother.
• Prison Officer Draycott — The officer who later reported strange events and who was involved when Linkworth's spirit seemed to make contact.
• Mr and Mrs Parker — They lived with Doctor Teesdale as a married couple.

Narrative

Charles Linkworth was a man who had never gotten along with his elderly mother. He also owed a hundred pounds, so one day when his wife...

Vocabulary Practice

3.1

1. Don't blame
2. Valerie is very dishonest
3. That is the final deadline
4. His behaviour is suspicious
5. I must warn
6. Your tennis will improve
7. Please speak up
8. If you try hard, you can achieve
9. All the workers attended
10. The fees

4.1

1. Mike had a great idea. He came up with it.
2. I can't carry on.
3. She was a drop out.
4. Dan invented the whole story. He made it up.
5. Please get in touch with us.

Grammar Practice

5.1

1. While I was talking to the shop assistant, my purse got stolen.
2. I haven't seen Andrew for a long time. I think I will call him.
3. If I had known you were in town the other day, I would have come to see you.
4. I won't tell Rachel your secret unless you give me permission.
5. I stayed in my house at the because it...

6.1

1. Oliver asked if Grace had already gone home.
2. Joe

Black are the horses.
The shoes are black.
Shine on the layers,
Ink stains and wax.
They have, so do not cry.
Lead the skulls.
With patent leather souls,
Come down the street.
Humpback and night,
Where they command
Silences of dark rubber
And fear of fine sand.
Pass, if they want to go,
And hide in the head,
Astronomy vague,
Guns vague.

Oh, city of gypsies!
In the corner, flags.
The moon and the pumpkin
With canned cherries.
Oh, city of gypsies!
Who saw you and forgets?
City of grief and musk,
Towers with cinnamon.

When night came,
Night, darksome night,
Gypsies at their forges,
Forging suns and arrows.
A horse, badly wounded,
Called on all doors.
Glass roosters singing
From Jerez de la Frontera.
The wind, naked again,
The corner of surprise,
At night, platinoche night,
Night,