Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

English Grammar Practice: Verbs, Plurals, and Adverbs

1. Forming Interrogative Sentences (Past Simple of 'To Be')

Put the following sentences into the interrogative form:

• Statement: We were at a party. Interrogative: Were we at a party?
• Statement: It was her birthday. Interrogative: Was it her birthday?
• Statement: I was at home. Interrogative: Was I at home?
• Statement: We were at school. Interrogative: Were we at school?

2. Making Sentences in the Past Simple Tense

Rewrite the following sentences in the Past Simple tense, adjusting the subject as shown in the examples:

• Present: I get up at 7 o'clock. Past: She got up at 7 o'clock.
• Present: I have coffee for breakfast. Past: He had coffee for breakfast.
• Present: I go to work by car. Past: They went to

The Grotesque in La Nona: Themes and Structure

The grotesque form of writing effectively captures the tragic situation of immigrants. While the subject matter is sad, the presentation maintains a certain grace.

The central conflict arises partly from the family's economic struggles, exacerbated by the absence of income (perhaps referring to Carmelo's money). This forces Chicho, who was previously unwilling to work, to devise a plan to eliminate La Nona (the Italian immigrant matriarch) who consumes everything within reach.

Gradually, the family begins to disintegrate, forced to sell furniture to survive. One by one, all the characters die, leaving only La Nona alive.

The work is defined as grotesque, not only because it employs typical farce and...

We can all remember at least 2 times in our lives where we felt that money would solve all our problems.The fact that money gives you the power to buy things does not translate into making you happy. There are psychological and emotional points which also play a large role in your ability to handle the status of being rich. However, in my opinion, it has both advantages and disadvantages.
On the plus side:
First of all, you have the ability to buy anything you want to. You can also visit places you couldnt afford before. For example you can buy expensive clothes and many other things like big houses, huge residences in the most beautiful resorts in the world, expensive cars and unimaginable luxury for, how we like to call ourselves, normal people....

If you are touring , america , miami is great place to stop off at. The city is on the east coast of Florida. For most visitors the main attractions are the great weather , the friendly pleople and the fantastic 12- mile beach .

English Verb Tenses: Active and Passive Voice

Past Perfect

• Affirmative: Subject + had + past participle
• Negative: Subject + hadn't + past participle
• Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle + ?

Passive Voice

• Present Simple: writes ~ is written
• Past Simple: wrote ~ was written
• Future (will): will write ~ will be written
• Present Continuous: is writing ~ is being written
• Past Continuous: was writing ~ was being written
• Present Perfect: has written ~ has been written
• Past Perfect: had written ~ had been written
• Be going to: is going to write ~ is going to be written
• Modal Verbs: can write ~ can be written

Past Perfect

• Affirmative: Subject + had + past participle
• Negative: Subject + hadn't + past participle
• Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle + ?

ONLY A TINY MINORITY (7): tiny minority, made homeless, protect your identity, end poverty, ageing population, life expectancy, population growth. A RECENT STUDY (7): 1) truly, 2) joy, 3) essential, 4) well-established, 5) appealing, 6) property, 7) (a lazar).  MATT IS SO ORGANISED: Matt (effortless), Have you been (affordable), It is (efficient) copying, JK Rowling (first-rate), I can come over (convenient), This new gadget (appealing), For an (unbeatable) price, Marta (worthwhile). A PHRASAL VERB: a phrasal verb in the past (date back to), with a level of (standard), a person over (senior citizen), which is not (unfamiliar), a phrasal verb already (join in), happening at once (instantly). 

WITHOUT ANY END: limitless, infinity, watching

be was/were been          drink drank drunk

beat beat beaten            drive drove driven

become became become      eat ate eaten

bigin began begun           fall fell fallem

bend bent bent              feed fed  fed

bite bit bitten              feel felt felt

bet bet bet                     fight fought fought

bleed bled bled              find found found

blow blew blown            fly flew flown

break broke  broken    forget forgot forgotten

bring brought brought   forgive forgave forgiven

build built built            freeze froze frozen

burn burnt burnt            get got got

buy bought bought           give...

Things to Do with Friends

• Ask someone out
• Chat to someone
• Dance with someone
• Have a good time
• Have something to drink
• Have something to eat
• Play a game
• Tell stories/jokes
• Eat out
• Go for a bike ride
• Go for a walk
• Go out with a boyfriend/girlfriend
• Hang out with friends
• Have a lie-in
• Stay at a friend's house

Health Habits & Lifestyle Choices

• Brush your teeth
• Do exercise
• Eat fresh fruit and vegetables
• Go jogging
• Walk to school
• Drink alcohol
• Drink fizzy drinks
• Eat fast food
• Smoke
• Watch a lot of television

Places & Travel Activities

• Car park
• Factory
• Flats
• River
• Shopping center
• Skyscraper
• Farm
• River
• Village
• Wood
• Buy a guidebook/map
• Buy a souvenir
• Have a packed lunch
• Send a postcard
• Stay in a hotel
• Take a photo
• Travel by coach
• Visit the sights

Social Issues

• Homelessness
• Hunger
• Natural disaster
• Pollution
• Poverty
• Sickness
• War

Fundraising

English Connectors: Linking Ideas for Clarity

1. Connectors of Addition

• "Also"

  Used before a main verb or after the verb "to be."

  • Peter is an experienced firefighter. He also loves his job.
  • He is also very intelligent.

• "Too" / "As Well"

  Used at the end of a sentence.

  • Peter is an experienced firefighter. He loves his job too.
  • He loves his job as well.

• "As Well As"

  Used before a noun or a gerund (-ing form).

  • Our city has two sports stadiums as well as a huge library.

• Formal Addition Connectors (Sentence Starters)

  These are typically followed by a comma and introduce a new sentence or clause.

  • What's more, Peter is an experienced firefighter. Moreover, he loves his job.
  • Besides, Peter is an experienced firefighter. Furthermore, he loves his job.
  • In addition, Peter