Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Vocabulary

Countenance

rostro

Vintage

cosecha

Evil

malvado

Meantime

entretanto

Drift

ser arrastrado por la corriente

Cheerful

alegre

Unlocked

abierto

Drawer

cajón

Fill up

llenar al tope

Characters

Huckleberry Finn

He is a boy who likes to live in the streets and wear old clothes. He is a good friend, but it is impossible for Huck to be quiet.

Pop

His father, was an alcoholic person. Pop would hit Huck when he was drunk.

Widow Douglas

Huck lives with her for a short time because his father drinks a lot.

Tom Sawyer

He is a very intelligent person, and he always thinks of great plans for play. He likes to go to school and wear new clothes. He's Huck's best friend.

Jim

He is Miss Watson's slave. He is a wonderful person because he helps Tom when Tom has a hurt leg, and he...

English Irregular Verbs & Spanish Translations

Unit 8: High-Level English Grammar Review

1. Verb Form Correction: Passive Voice Focus

Identify and correct the verb form errors in the following sentences, focusing on passive voice constructions.

1. Before we started, we were giving instructions on how to climb by an experienced climber. Correction: were given

2. Our instructor told us that our helmets should not were removed. Correction: be

3. The ropes we used that day have made of very strong nylon. Correction: were made

4. Our equipment was been checked carefully before we started. Correction: had been

5. When we were reached the summit, we took photos of the view from the top. Correction: reached

2. Sentence Transformations: Active to Passive Voice

Transform the following active voice sentences into passive...

Mastering English Verb Forms: Gerunds and Infinitives

The Gerund (V-ing)

• As a Noun: Swimming is a good exercise.
• After Specific Verbs: Verbs like love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, and prefer are often followed by the Gerund.
• After Phrasal Verbs and Expressions: Expressions such as look forward to, be/get used to, in addition to, and object to are followed by the Gerund.
• After Prepositions: Any preposition (e.g., about, at, after, before, behind) must be followed by the Gerund.

Verbs Followed Only by Gerunds (Examples)

Verbs like suggest and avoid require the Gerund (e.g., She suggested attending the meeting; Avoid walking alone.)

The Full Infinitive (To + V-inf)

• Purpose or Intention: Used to express purpose (e.g., I went to the store to buy milk.)
• After

Samuel Beckett: Life and Works

Samuel Beckett was born in Ireland in 1906. He attended Trinity College, where he studied English, Italian, and French. He taught at Campbell College and the École Normale Supérieure. He met James Joyce in 1926, who became a great influence on his own works. Beckett traveled around Europe before he settled in Paris. He married a French woman in 1961. He was a playwright, novelist, and poet. He wrote most of his works in French and later translated them into English. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969 and died in 1989.

Major Works:

• Eleutheria
• Molloy
• The Unnamable
• Happy Days
• Waiting for Godot

The Theatre of the Absurd

The Theatre of the Absurd points out the meaninglessness of life. Modern life is depicted...

This comprehensive table lists common irregular English verbs, showing their Castilian Spanish meaning, Infinitive, Past Simple, and Past Participle forms. Note that some verbs have alternative forms (e.g., burnt/burned).

Understanding Their Forms

Irregular verbs in English do not follow the standard conjugation rules. This means their past simple and past participle forms are not formed by adding '-ed' or '-d' to the base form. Instead, they have unique forms that must be memorized. Below is a comprehensive list of common irregular verbs, along with their infinitive, past simple, past participle, and Spanish translation.

• Arise (Surgir):
  • Infinitive: Arise
  • Past Simple: Arose
  • Past Participle: Arisen
• Awake (Despertarse):
  • Infinitive: Awake
  • Past Simple: Awoke
  • Past Participle: Awoken
• Bear (Soportar):
  • Infinitive: Bear
  • Past Simple: Bore
  • Past Participle: Borne
• Become (Convertirse en):
  • Infinitive: Become
  • Past Simple: Became
  • Past Participle: Become
• Begin (Empezar):
  • Infinitive: Begin
  • Past

Jennifer's Daily Routine

My name is Jennifer. I get up at 5 in the morning. I have breakfast, coffee, and a sandwich. Then, I go to work and leave at two in the afternoon. I go home for lunch and spend time with my daughter in the afternoon. After that, I have a shower and prepare everything for the next day before going to bed.

Hobbies

• Play football
• Play basketball
• Play volleyball
• Play tennis
• Play rugby
• Play jockey
• Play poker
• Play golf
• Go sailing
• Go yachting
• Ride a bike
• Ride a ski
• Surf
• Dance

Careful with the third person (he, she, it), add -s: play – plays, -es: watch – watches, -es: pass – passes, -es: go – goes. Usage: The present simple is used to talk about habitual actions. + (affirmative) TURN ON THE COMPUTER – (negative) DON´T TURN ON THE

The Most Common Irregular Verbs List

Base form - Past simple - Past participle

Be was/were been

Bear bore born

Beat beat beaten

Become became become

Begin began begun

Bet bet bet

Bite bit bitten

Blow blew blown

Broadcast broadcast broadcast

Break broke broken

Bring brought brought

Build built built

Burn burnt burnt

Buy bought bought

Can could

Catch caught caught

Choose chose chosen

Come came come

Cost cost cost

Cut cut cut

Do did done

Draw drew drawn

Dream dreamt dreamt

Drink drank drunk

Drive drove driven

Eat ate eaten

Fall fell fallen

Feed fed fed

Feel felt felt

Find found found

Forget forgot forgotten

Freeze froze frozen

Get got got

Go went gone

Hang hung hung

Have had had

Hear heard heard

Hit hit hit

Hurt hurt hurt

Keep kept kept

Know knew known

Lead led led

Leave left left

Lend lent...

• let (dejar/permitir) - let - let
• lie (tumbarse) - lay - lain
• light (encender) - lit - lit
• lose (perder) - lost - lost
• make (hacer) - made - made
• mean (significar) - meant - meant
• meet (encontrar) - met - met
• pay (pagar) - paid - paid
• put (poner) - put - put
• ride (montar) - rode - ridden
• rise (levantarse) - rose - risen
• say (decir) - said - said
• see (ver) - saw - seen
• send (enviar) - sent - sent
• sell (vender) - sold - sold
• shine (brillar) - shone - shone
• speak (hablar) - spoke - spoken
• spend (gastar/pasar) - spent - spent
• stand (estar de pie) - stood - stood
• steal (robar) - stole - stolen
• swim (nadar) - swam - swum
• take (tomar/llevar) - took - taken
• teach (enseñar) - taught - taught
• tear (rasgar) - tore - torn
• tell (decir) - told - told
• think (pensar) - thought - thought
• throw