Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Primary education

English Sentence Transformation Exercises

1. This suitcase is too small for all my things.
   This suitcase is not big enough for all my things.
2. Their house is so far away that we can’t walk there.
   It is such a long way to their house that we can’t walk there.
3. “Can you guess who has just left?” he asked us.
   He asked us if we could guess who had just left.
4. The architect worked on the plans for six months.
   The architect spent six months working on the plans.
5. On the day she agreed to marry him, he was happier than he had ever been in his life.
   The day she agreed to marry him was the happiest he had ever been in his life.
6. I haven't seen so much rain for a long time.
   It's been a long time since I have seen so much rain.
7. Malcolm was originally going to

First Conditional Sentence Practice

1. If we don't arrive on time, our teacher will be angry.
2. I will watch TV if I have time.
3. If he gets up at 5 o'clock, I will arrive early to the class.
4. We will be hungry if we do not eat early.
5. If the phone rings, I will not answer because I'm occupied.
6. I will laugh if you touch my feet.
7. If our exam isn't tomorrow, I will study more.
8. They won't buy a new car if they do not have money.
9. If you hit me, your hand will dry.
10. I'll give you ten dollars if you wash my car.
11. If he doesn't take a bus, I will be late to your house.
12. The glass will break if you hit it with the stone.
13. If I don't watch that movie, I will be very sad.
14. My boss will get angry if I'm late again.

Polar Bears and Climate Change

1. Polar bears are going to become extinct

Historical and Geographical Insights (J02)

1. Jorvik: Prosperity in the 10th Century

   Question: Why was Jorvik a prosperous city in the 10th century?

   Answer: Jorvik was a prosperous city because the Danes were hard workers.

2. Viking Life Reconstruction

   Question: How will we be able to know how the Vikings lived?

   Answer: We will be able to know how the Vikings lived because archaeologists are going to reconstruct the old city.

3. Disappearance of Houses

   Question: Why did the houses disappear?

   Answer: The houses disappeared because they were demolished or burned.

4. Key Facts about Jorvik

   • Remains of houses and workshops have been found by archaeologists.
   • Jorvik is known as the capital of Northern England.

5. Vocabulary and Verb Forms

   Verbs: attacked, was, grew, became, carried.

Espaciópolis: A City of Contrasts

We gazed upon Espaciópolis. Baley looked toward the west, but it was as the Commissioner had said: the horizon was closed. The towers of New York faded into the fog.

"I know how Espaciópolis feels," Baley muttered.

"I like your view from here," the Commissioner replied. "You can glimpse into the opening formed by the two sectors, Brunswick, under the vaults. That's the fundamental difference between us and the Spacians. We rise and agglomerate. Instead, each of them has a dome for himself. A family, a house. And land between each dome. Have you ever spoken with a Spacian, Sand?"

Cultural Divides and Urban Living

"Sometimes. About a month ago, I talked to one here at your intercom," Baley replied patiently.

"Yes,...

Personal Reflection on Fear Itself

The Terror of Fear Itself

I am most afraid of fear itself. This might sound unusual, but it accurately describes my deepest feeling. First, fear is terrible; it causes significant distress, affecting both the mind and the body. Physically, you might experience stomach aches, an extremely fast heartbeat, or even faint. Secondly, when confidence wanes, fear becomes a constant companion. You start viewing every situation as risky, leading to pervasive anxiety.

When one fears fear, the feeling intensifies frequently, leading to constant apprehension. It grows like an ever-expanding ball. While many consider fear an irrational feeling, it remains an undeniable part of human nature.

I actively try to counteract this...

Mediation Task: Explaining a Customer Complaint

Task Description

You work in a gym office and have received a letter of complaint. Your task is to inform your manager about the issues raised by the customer. Do not copy the letter; explain the main problems in your own words.

Source Text: Letter of Complaint

Subject: Complaint about last Saturday’s Fitness Class

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the fitness class I attended on Saturday at 10 a.m. I had booked the class one week in advance, but when I arrived, the receptionist could not find my name on the list. As a result, I waited for more than 15 minutes before finally being allowed to enter the studio.

Unfortunately, the situation inside the class was not any...

Character Descriptions from the Book

• Sniff: A person who recognizes changes early.
• Scurry: A person who decides to take action faster regarding changes.
• Hem: A person who always resists change; someone who feels apprehensive about changing.
• Haw: A person who always considers that change is good and decides to embrace it.

Which Character Do You Identify With?

Personally, I identify with Haw because I adapt when there is a change. I have decided that I want to move forward in my life and my studies, and in the future, I want to have a job.

What Is Your Cheese?

I am looking for changes in my life; I want to earn my degree, find work, meet new people, continue studying, and find a wife.

Key Lessons and Sentences from the Book

• Change happens: We have to know

be (ser/estar)                     was/were             been
beat (batir)                         beat                    beaten
become (volverse)              became                become
begin (empezar)                 began                  begun
bite (morder)                      bit                       bitten
blow (soplar)                      blew                    blown
bring (traer)                       brought                brought
buy (comprar)                   ...

The Impact of Social Media

I am going to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of online social networks such as Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.

Risks and Privacy

In the first place, social networks can be dangerous for young people. It is very important that we review privacy settings before starting to upload content. The excessive use of social networks can sometimes cause obsessions and dependence.

Benefits of Connectivity

In the second place, there are many advantages to social networks:

• They allow us to communicate with anyone in an instant.
• They offer information and entertainment in real time and on demand.
• They cross geographical borders and connect people regardless of distance.

I think social networks are beneficial because they hold...

Put the sentences into Passive Voice: