Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Baccalaureate

Critical Assessment of *El sí de las niñas* by Leandro Fernández de Moratín

Written in 1801, *El sí de las niñas* premiered in 1806 at the Teatro de la Cruz in Madrid with great success. Don Diego, a gentleman in his sixties, plans to marry a girl of sixteen, Doña Paquita, whose mother has arranged the union. But the girl is in love with Don Carlos, a young soldier who happens to be the nephew of Don Diego. Finally, he releases his commitment to Paquita and supports the marriage of the two youths.

In *El sí de las niñas*, Moratín censors the education of women at the time and the abuse of parental authority to which they were subjected. The comedy follows the neoclassical rules, besides its clear didactic purpose, respecting the three...

Research Instruments

Average Q is used to obtain data from a reality or phenomenon studied.

Matrix

Manual or virtual space where the data obtained through the research instruments settles.

Tabulation

Process by which data is extracted from an instrument.

Research: Advantages of the Questionnaire

1. Less expensive than an interview.
2. Requires less skill to administer.
3. Can be sent via email with minimal explanation.
4. Greater confidence in anonymity.

Drawbacks

If a question is not understood, it may go unanswered.

Visual Observation

Visual observation has the ability to capture the phenomena of the reality studied.

Casual Observation

The researcher prepares a list of subjects, scoring freely.

Systematic Observation

The researcher develops an observation guide and schedules...

Direct Object (Complemento Directo)

Syntactically, this can be a noun or a prepositional phrase. It is usually placed after the verb. To identify it, it can be replaced by the personal pronouns lo, la, los, las. It can be converted from active to passive voice, where the direct object becomes the subject.

Indirect Object (Complemento Indirecto)

Syntactically, this is a prepositional phrase with a noun phrase where the pronoun is the nucleus. To identify it, it can be replaced by le or les.

Agent Complement (Complemento Agente)

Syntactically, this is a prepositional phrase introduced by por. To recognize it, the sentence can be transformed from passive to active, where the agent then becomes the subject.

Attribute (Atributo)

Syntactically, this can...

Verb Forms and Nouns

(ITEM 1) (verb / noun)

1. Entertain (entertain) = entertainment
2. Develop (develop) = development
3. Advertise (advertising) = advertisement
4. Perform (carry) = performance
5. Appear (to appear) = appearance
6. Collect (collect) = collection
7. Generate (produce) = generation

Linkers

Although = aunque + prayer / where = while + prayer / however = yet / Despite / in spite of / on the other hand = the other.

Tenses

(Last perf) = had + past participle

(present perf cont) = have / has + been + verb-ing

(p.perfect) = have / has + past participle (since / already / yet / just / never / ever) (third column) moment we do not often mention action

Future Tenses

(FUTURE CONTINUOUS): Subject + will + be + verb-ing.

(FUTURE PERFECT): Subject + will + have + past participle

Verb

English Verb Auxiliaries

The following table outlines the auxiliary verbs used for various English tenses and their specific grammatical functions:

Identity and Self-Discovery:

Both protagonists undergo journeys of self-discovery as they attempt to reclaim control over their lives. In A Doll’s House, Nora realizes that she has been living according to the expectations of others and declares, “I must stand quite alone.” This declarative statement emphasizes her desire for independence and personal growth. Similarly, in Death and the Maiden, Paulina struggles to recover her sense of self after the trauma she experienced under the dictatorship. Her determination to confront her past demonstrates her refusal to allow others to define her identity. Through Nora and Paulina, both authors suggest that true self-discovery requires individuals to challenge the identities imposed upon them...

Modernism in British Literature

Modernism was a literary movement in the early 20th century (1900–1940). It changed the traditional way of writing. Writers wanted to show how people think and feel, not only what they do.

After World War I, the world changed significantly. People felt confused, and this shift is reflected in literature.

Main Characteristics

• Focus on the mind: Modernist writers show thoughts and feelings. For example, stream of consciousness captures thoughts as they happen.
• Break with traditional structure: Stories do not always have a clear beginning, middle, and end.
• Themes of uncertainty and change: People felt lost and confused after the war.
• Importance of everyday moments: Small events show deeper ideas about life.
• Symbolism

A. Passive Voice Statements

1. My parents are going to rent a car for the holidays.
2. Mike is nervously holding two pens.
3. Three exam questions were asked to Laura by the teacher. / Laura was asked three exam questions by the teacher.
4. London is thought to be the best city in Europe. / It is thought that London is the best city in Europe.
5. Julia will look after her parents today.
6. The president may lead the demonstrations this afternoon.
7. If I were you, I would freeze that meat.
8. (No transformation possible)
9. These pearls can be hidden under the carpet.
10. Cigarettes must not be smoked in this building.

B. Passive Voice Questions

1. Has the lesson been understood?
2. Was the alarm clock set by John last night?
3. By which animal had you been bitten?
4. When are the birthday candles

1. Passive Voice: Sentence Transformation

• 1. Julie taught me the grammar.
• 2. Sophia has told them the truth.
• 3. The baby loves being held.
• 4. People used to eat more meat in the past.
• 5. The company should have managed the situation differently.
• 6. They pick up the garbage early in the morning.
• 7. Someone was digging a hole in the garden.
• 8. People estimate the city had more than one thousand inhabitants in the 19th century.
• 9. I had my nails done.
• 10. People think pollution is not a minor problem.

2. Conditionals: Completion and Construction

• 1. If he didn't have to work late, he could go out with his girlfriend.
• 2. If we go out with friends, we normally go to a restaurant.
• 3. If you hadn't had experience working abroad, they wouldn't have hired you.
• 4. If